Compensatory traits can explain the concave cost function of purely sexual traits,Ecology and Evolution

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Compensatory traits can explain the concave cost function of purely sexual traits
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10850
Masaru Hasegawa ₁

Affiliation

The cost of ornamentation is often measured experimentally to study the relative importance of sexual and viability selection for ornamentation, but these experiments can lead to a misleading conclusion when compensatory trait is ignored. For example, a classic experiment on the outermost tail feathers in the barn swallow Hirundo rustica explains that the concave (or U-shaped) aerodynamic performance cost of the outermost tail feathers would be the evolutionary outcome through viability selection for optimal tail length, but this conclusion depends on the assumption that compensatory traits do not cause reduced performance. Using a simple “toy model” experiment, I demonstrated that ornamentation evolved purely though sexual selection can produce a concave cost function under the presence of compensatory traits, which was further reinforced by a simple mathematical model. Therefore, concave cost function (and the low performance of individuals with reduced ornaments) cannot be used to infer the evolutionary force favoring ornamentation, due to a previously overlooked concept, “overcompensation,” which can worsen the whole body performance.

中文翻译：

补偿性特征可以解释纯性特征的凹成本函数

装饰的成本通常通过实验来测量，以研究装饰的性和活力选择的相对重要性，但是当忽视补偿性状时，这些实验可能会导致误导性的结论。例如，对谷仓燕 Hirundo rustica 最外层尾羽的经典实验解释说，最外层尾羽的凹形（或 U 形）空气动力学性能成本将是通过最佳尾长的生存能力选择的进化结果，但这一结论取决于补偿性状不会导致性能降低的假设。使用一个简单的“玩具模型”实验，我证明了装饰纯粹是通过性选择在补偿性特征存在下产生凹成本函数而进化的，这通过一个简单的数学模型进一步得到了加强。因此，凹成本函数（以及装饰品减少的个体的低表现）不能用来推断有利于装饰的进化力量，因为以前被忽视的概念“过度补偿”会恶化全身表现。

更新日期：2024-01-16

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