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Understanding the exposure risk of aerosolized Coccidioides in a Valley fever endemic metropolis
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51407-x
W Tanner Porter 1 , Lalitha Gade 2 , Parker Montfort 1 , Joseph R Mihaljevic 3 , Jolene R Bowers 1 , Andrew Willman 4 , Brian A Klimowski 5 , Bonnie J LaFleur 6 , Rebecca H Sunenshine 7 , Jennifer Collins 7 , Guillermo Adame 8 , Shane Brady 8 , Kenneth K Komatsu 8 , Samantha Williams 2 , Mitsuru Toda 2 , Tom Chiller 2 , Anastasia P Litvintseva 2 , David M Engelthaler 1
Affiliation  

Coccidioides is the fungal causative agent of Valley fever, a primarily pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of fungal arthroconidia, or spores. Although Coccidioides has been an established pathogen for 120 years and is responsible for hundreds of thousands of infections per year, little is known about when and where infectious Coccidioides arthroconidia are present within the ambient air in endemic regions. Long-term air sampling programs provide a means to investigate these characteristics across space and time. Here we present data from > 18 months of collections from 11 air sampling sites across the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. Overall, prevalence was highly variable across space and time with no obvious spatial or temporal correlations. Several high prevalence periods were identified at select sites, with no obvious spatial or temporal associations. Comparing these data with weather and environmental factor data, wind gusts and temperature were positively associated with Coccidioides detection, while soil moisture was negatively associated with Coccidioides detection. These results provide critical insights into the frequency and distribution of airborne arthroconidia and the associated risk of inhalation and potential disease that is present across space and time in a highly endemic locale.



中文翻译:


了解谷热流行大都市中雾化球孢子菌的暴露风险



球孢子菌是谷热病的真菌病原体,谷热病是一种主要由吸入真菌节分孢子或孢子引起的肺部疾病。尽管球孢子菌已成为一种确定的病原体 120 年,并且每年造成数十万例感染,但人们对传染性节节球孢子菌何时何地出现在流行地区环境空气中的情况知之甚少。长期空气采样计划提供了一种跨空间和时间研究这些特征的方法。在此,我们展示了从亚利桑那州凤凰城大都市区 11 个空气采样点采集的超过 18 个月的数据。总体而言,患病率在空间和时间上差异很大,没有明显的空间或时间相关性。在选定地点发现了几个高流行期,但没有明显的空间或时间关联。将这些数据与天气和环境因素数据进行比较,阵风和温度与球孢子菌检测呈正相关,而土壤湿度与球孢子菌检测呈负相关。这些结果为了解空气中节孢子虫的频率和分布以及在高流行地区跨空间和时间存在的吸入和潜在疾病的相关风险提供了重要的见解。

更新日期:2024-01-15
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