Wireless sensing networks are essential for Internet of Things, smart city etc., however its development has been obstructed by the lack of suitable energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) based self-powered instantaneous wireless sensing systems are particularly attractive for real-time applications owing to its high energy output and conversion efficiencies. However, such sensing systems are not fully optimized and have low sensitivity and instability. In this work, through analytic derivation of frequency and attenuation coefficient, rational system design and optimization are carried out for the first time. By optimizing coil inductive sensor and stabilizing capacitor, the stability of the dual-parameter sensor is greatly improved, achieving ∼0.02% and ∼1% fluctuation for frequency and attenuation coefficient, respectively. Owing to the high stability, a high sensitivity self-powered instantaneous film thickness sensor is obtained, which is capable of self-powered micrometer film thickness measurement (< 9 µm). Besides, during dual-parameter sensing, the maximum error of decoupled distance and resistance can be improved from 7.6% to 4.83%, and 46.23% to 9.64% after optimization, respectively. A self-powered weight and distance instantaneous sensing system is also demonstrated which could be used in conveyer and robotic arm for production line management in the future, showing its feasibility and potential for future real-time monitoring applications.

无线传感网络对于物联网、智慧城市等至关重要，但由于缺乏合适的能源而阻碍了其发展。基于摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）的自供电瞬时无线传感系统由于其高能量输出和转换效率而对于实时应用特别有吸引力。然而，此类传感系统并未完全优化，灵敏度低且不稳定。本工作首次通过频率和衰减系数的解析推导，进行了合理的系统设计和优化。通过优化线圈电感传感器和稳压电容，双参数传感器的稳定性大大提高，频率和衰减系数的波动分别达到~0.02%和~1%。由于稳定性高，获得了高灵敏度自供电瞬时膜厚传感器，能够进行自供电千分尺膜厚测量（<9 µm）。此外，在双参数传感时，优化后解耦距离和电阻的最大误差分别从7.6%改善到4.83%，从46.23%改善到9.64%。现场还展示了一种自供电的重量和距离瞬时传感系统，未来可用于输送机和机械臂中的生产线管理，展示了其在未来实时监控应用中的可行性和潜力。