Owing to its high hardness, favorable stability, and good electrical performance, vanadium nitride (VN) has been extensively used as an alloy additive, an electrode material, a ceramic material, and a catalyst. However, traditional VN synthesis methods require high temperatures and long soaking times. In this study, high-quality VN particles were prepared from V₂O₃ powder at a lower temperature and shorter soaking time by a one-step vacuum carbothermal reduction–nitridation (VCRN) method. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses elucidated the mechanism of this process. Thermodynamic analysis showed that vacuum was conducive to the carbothermal reduction of V₂O₃, reducing the initial reaction temperature, and the main reaction path was V₂O₃→VO→V_xC_y(VC/ V₂C/ V₈C₇/ V₆C₅)→VN. Kinetic results indicated that the one-step VCRN method was a gas–solid reaction. Within the temperature range of 1373–1473 K, the rate-determining step was controlled by the carbothermal reduction–nitridation reaction, combination control of the reduction–nitridation reaction and the interlayer diffusion, and interlayer diffusion control of N₂ during the different reaction processes. High-quality VN particles obtained at a temperature of 1473 K, pressure of 300 Pa, and soaking time of 3 h were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and particle size distributions. The O and N contents, measured by an O/N analyzer, were 0.85% and 19%, respectively, and the C content, measured by a C/S analyzer, was 0.92%. These analyses indicate that high-quality VN can be obtained by a one-step VCRN method.

中文翻译：

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一步真空碳热还原氮化法合成高质量氮化钒颗粒的理论与实验研究

氮化钒（VN）由于其硬度高、稳定性好、电性能好等优点，被广泛用作合金添加剂、电极材料、陶瓷材料和催化剂。然而，传统的VN合成方法需要高温和较长的浸泡时间。在这项研究中，采用一步真空碳热还原氮化（VCRN）方法，以V ₂ O ₃粉末为原料，在较低的温度和较短的均热时间下制备了高质量的VN颗粒。热力学和动力学分析阐明了这一过程的机制。热力学分析表明，真空有利于V ₂ O ₃的碳热还原，降低反应起始温度，主要反应路径为V ₂ O ₃ →VO→V _x C _y (VC/ V ₂ C/ V ₈ C ₇ / V ₆ C ₅ )→VN。动力学结果表明一步VCRN方法是一种气固反应。在1373~1473 K温度范围内，限速步骤由碳热还原氮化反应、还原氮化反应与层间扩散的组合控制以及不同反应过程中N ₂的层间扩散控制来控制。 。通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、能谱和粒度分布对在温度1473 K、压力300 Pa、浸泡时间3 h下获得的高质量VN颗粒进行了表征。通过O/N分析仪测量的O和N含量分别为0.85%和19%，通过C/S分析仪测量的C含量为0.92%。这些分析表明，可以通过一步 VCRN 方法获得高质量的 VN。