Mitragynine is one of the main psychoactive alkaloids in Korth. (kratom). It has opium-like effects by acting on μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the brain. The compound also interacts with other receptors, such as adrenergic and serotonergic receptors and neuronal Ca channels in the central nervous system to have its neuropharmacological effects. Mitragynine has the potential to treat diseases related to neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as its modulation on the opioid receptors has been reported extensively. This review aimed to provide an up-to-date and critical overview on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and safety of mitragynine as a prospective psychotropic agent. Its multiple neuropharmacological effects on the brain include antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, sedative, stimulant, cognitive, and anxiolytic activities. The potential of mitragynine to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms related to opioid dependence, its pharmacokinetics and toxic effects were also discussed. The interaction of mitragynine with various receptors in the brain produce diverse neuropharmacological effects, which have beneficial properties in neurological disorders. However, further studies need to be carried out on mitragynine to uncover its complex mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic profiles, addictive potential, and safe dosage to prevent harmful side effects.

中文翻译：

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帽柱木碱的神经药理作用、作用机制、药代动力学和毒性的深入综述


帽柱木碱是科斯主要的精神活性生物碱之一。 （卡痛叶）。它通过作用于大脑中的μ-、δ-和κ-阿片受体而具有类似鸦片的作用。该化合物还与其他受体相互作用，例如肾上腺素能受体、血清素能受体以及中枢神经系统中的神经元 Ca 通道，从而产生神经药理学作用。帽柱木碱具有治疗与神经退行性疾病相关的疾病的潜力，例如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，因为它对阿片受体的调节作用已被广泛报道。本综述旨在对帽柱木碱作为一种前瞻性精神药物的神经药理学作用、作用机制、药代动力学和安全性提供最新和重要的概述。它对大脑的多种神经药理学作用包括抗伤害、抗炎、抗抑郁、镇静、兴奋、认知和抗焦虑活性。帽柱木碱治疗与阿片类药物依赖相关的阿片类药物戒断症状的潜力、其药代动力学和毒性作用也进行了讨论。帽柱木碱与大脑中各种受体的相互作用产生不同的神经药理学作用，这对神经系统疾病具有有益的特性。然而，需要对帽柱木碱进行进一步的研究，以揭示其复杂的作用机制、药代动力学、药效学特征、成瘾潜力和防止有害副作用的安全剂量。