Battery electric (BE-HDT) and fuel cell heavy-duty trucks (FC-HDT) as niche products have the potential to decarbonize road freight transportation, but widespread introduction is challenging. Scientific research on this transition remains scarce, and studies including hydrogen are very limited. Successful changes in long-established regimes require multiple processes, and therefore, the multi-level perspective (MLP) is extended with the PESTLE analysis. Through this multi-level, multi-dimensional approach, the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental dimensions underpin a systematic identification of factors in niches, socio-technical regimes, and exogenous landscapes. The research design draws on 40 high-level expert interviews, highlighting the complex change process through 27 indicators. Identified opportunities, barriers, and recommendations for action assist in formulating transition strategies. Conflicting expectations require a cooperative approach, as cost-neutrality to internal combustion engine heavy-duty trucks (ICE-HDT) is frequently debated and range extension a relative factor. Policymakers need to create optimal framework conditions for investing, profit-oriented companies.

电池电动（BE-HDT）和燃料电池重型卡车（FC-HDT）作为利基产品具有使道路货运脱碳的潜力，但广泛推广具有挑战性。关于这一转变的科学研究仍然很少，包括氢在内的研究也非常有限。长期建立的体制的成功变革需要多个过程，因此，多层次视角（MLP）通过 PESTLE 分析得到扩展。通过这种多层次、多维度的方法，政治、经济、社会、技术、法律和环境维度支撑着对利基、社会技术制度和外生景观中因素的系统识别。研究设计借鉴了40位高级别专家访谈，通过27个指标突出了复杂的变革过程。确定的机会、障碍和行动建议有助于制定过渡战略。相互冲突的期望需要采取合作的方法，因为内燃机重型卡车 (ICE-HDT) 的成本中性经常受到争论，而续航里程扩展是一个相对因素。政策制定者需要为投资、以利润为导向的公司创造最佳的框架条件。