Abstract

Residue studies were conducted in bell pepper crops (green and yellow bell pepper) to ensure the safe use of fenvalerate, profenofos, and novaluron (under open field and protected conditions) in randomized block design (RBD) following three applications at a 10-day interval over two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022. A robust analytical method was developed using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) for the determination of pesticide residues in bell pepper samples. The half-lives for fenvalerate were 2.47–2.87 and 2.50–3.03 days on bell pepper under open field conditions, whereas the corresponding values for bell pepper under protected conditions were 3.84–4.58 and 4.17–4.71 days, during 2021 and 2022, respectively. Profenofos displayed half-lives of 2.03–2.65 and 2.15–2.77 days in open field conditions and 3.05–3.89 and 3.16–3.78 days in protected conditions during 2021 and 2022, respectively. Similarly, novaluron had half-lives of 2.87–3.49 and 3.24–3.75 days under protected conditions in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The maximum residue limits (MRLs) were calculated to be 0.6 mg/kg for fenvalerate, while for profenofos it was 0.7 mg/kg on bell pepper under open field conditions at double doses, at the proposed pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 3 days. Likewise, for bell peppers grown under protected conditions, MRLs at the PHI of 3 days were determined to be 0.8 mg/kg for fenvalerate, 0.3 mg/kg for novaluron, and 1.5 mg/kg for profenofos. A dietary risk assessment study indicated that the percentage of acute hazard index (% aHI) was significantly lower than 100, and hazard quotient (HQ) values were below 1, signifying no acute or chronic risk to consumers. These findings underscore the safety of consuming bell peppers treated with fenvalerate, profenofos, and novaluron under the protected and open field conditions.

中文翻译：

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受保护和露地条件下种植的灯笼椒中氰戊菊酯、诺瓦隆和丙溴磷的残留估算和膳食风险评估

摘要

在甜椒作物（青椒和黄椒）中进行了残留研究，以确保在随机区组设计 (RBD) 中，在 10 天的 3 次施用后，氰戊菊酯、丙溴磷和诺瓦隆（在露天和受保护的条件下）的安全使用2021 年和 2022 年连续两年的时间间隔。使用快速、简单、廉价、有效、坚固和安全 (QuEChERS) 萃取和气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 开发了一种稳健的分析方法来测定甜椒样品中农药残留的检测。2021 年和 2022 年，露地条件下甜椒上氰戊菊酯的半衰期分别为 2.47-2.87 天和 2.50-3.03 天，而保护条件下甜椒的相应值分别为 3.84-4.58 和 4.17-4.71 天。2021 年和 2022 年，丙溴磷在露天条件下的半衰期分别为 2.03-2.65 和 2.15-2.77 天，在受保护条件下的半衰期分别为 3.05-3.89 和 3.16-3.78 天。同样，2021 年和 2022 年，诺瓦隆在受保护条件下的半衰期分别为 2.87-3.49 天和 3.24-3.75 天。经计算，氰戊菊酯的最大残留限量 (MRL) 为 0.6 毫克/千克，而丙溴磷在露天条件下、双倍剂量、建议收获前间隔 (PHI) 为 3 时，对甜椒的最大残留限量 (MRL) 为 0.7 毫克/千克。天。同样，对于在受保护条件下生长的甜椒，在 3 天的 PHI 下，氰戊菊酯的 MRL 确定为 0.8 mg/kg，诺瓦隆为 0.3 mg/kg，丙溴磷为 1.5 mg/kg。膳食风险评估研究表明，急性危害指数（% aHI）百分比显着低于100，危害商（HQ）值低于1，表明对消费者不存在急性或慢性风险。这些发现强调了在受保护和露天条件下食用经氰戊菊酯、丙溴磷和诺瓦隆处理的甜椒的安全性。