The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) is a dimensional, empirically based diagnostic system developed to overcome the serious limitations of traditional categories. We review the mounting evidence on its convergent and discriminant validity, with an incursion into the less-studied ICD-11 system. In the literature, the AMPD's Pathological Trait Model (Criterion B) shows excellent convergence with normal personality traits, and it could be useful as an organizing framework for mental disorders. In contrast, Personality Functioning (Criterion A) cannot be distinguished from personality traits, lacks both discriminant and incremental validity, and has a shaky theoretical background. We offer some suggestions with a view to the future. These include removing Criterion A, using the real-life consequences of traits as indicators of severity, delving into the dynamic mechanisms underlying traits, and furthering the integration of currently disengaged psychological paradigms that can shape a sounder clinical science.

中文翻译：

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人格障碍的替代模型：评估、收敛和判别效度以及展望未来


人格障碍替代模型 （AMPD） 是一种基于经验的维度诊断系统，旨在克服传统类别的严重局限性。我们回顾了关于其收敛和判别有效性的越来越多的证据，并侵入了研究较少的 ICD-11 系统。在文献中，AMPD 的病理特征模型 （标准 B） 显示出与正常人格特征的良好收敛，它可以用作精神障碍的组织框架。相比之下，人格功能（标准 A）无法与人格特征区分开来，缺乏判别性和增量有效性，并且具有不稳定的理论背景。我们提供一些着眼于未来的建议。这些包括删除标准 A，使用特征的现实后果作为严重程度的指标，深入研究特征背后的动态机制，以及进一步整合目前脱离的心理学范式，以塑造更健全的临床科学。