Synergistic Crystallization Kinetics Modulation and Deep/Shallow Level Defect Passivation via an Organometallic Cobaltocenium Salt Toward High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells,Advanced Energy Materials

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Synergistic Crystallization Kinetics Modulation and Deep/Shallow Level Defect Passivation via an Organometallic Cobaltocenium Salt Toward High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202303972
Xingyu Pu _{1,

2} , Qi Cao _{1,

2} , Xilai He _{1,

2} , Jie Su ₃ , Weiwei Wang ₄ , Xue Zhang ₄ , Dapeng Wang ₅ , Yixin Zhang _{1,

2} , Jiabao Yang _{1,

2} , Tong Wang _{1,

2} , Hui Chen _{1,

2} , Long Jiang ₆ , Yi Yan ₄ , Xingyuan Chen _{1,

2} , Xuanhua Li _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Numerous deep/shallow level defects generated at the surface/grain boundaries of perovskite during uncontrollable crystallization pose a formidable challenge to the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an organometallic cobaltocenium salt additive, 1-propanol-2-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate (PTCoPF₆), is incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution to regulate crystallization and minimize holistic defects for high-performance inverted PSCs. The cobaltocenium cations and PF₆⁻ in PTCoPF₆ stabilize the Pb-I framework and repair the shallow-level defects of positively and negatively charged vacancies in the perovskite. The N═N in the triazole ring of PTCoPF₆ can passivate the deep-level defects of uncoordinated lead. The interaction between PTCoPF₆ and perovskite materials delays perovskite nucleation and crystal growth, ensuring high-quality perovskite with large grains, and suppressing non-radiative recombination and ion migration. Therefore, the PTCoPF₆-incorporated PSC achieves an impressive power conversion efficiency of 25.03% and outstanding long-term stability. Unencapsulated and encapsulated PTCoPF₆-incorporated PSCs maintain 93% and 95% of their initial efficiencies under 85 °C storage in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1000 h and maximum power point tracking for nearly 1000 h, respectively. Synergistic crystallization kinetic modulation and deep/shallow level defect passivation with ionized metal-organic complex additives will become prevalent methods to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs.

中文翻译：

通过有机金属钴茂盐的协同结晶动力学调制和深/浅能级缺陷钝化，实现高性能倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池

在不可控结晶过程中，钙钛矿表面/晶界处产生的大量深/浅能级缺陷对钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的光伏性能提出了巨大的挑战。本文中，将有机金属钴茂盐添加剂 1-丙醇-2-(1,2,3-三唑-4-基)六氟磷酸钴 (PTCoPF ₆ ) 纳入钙钛矿前体溶液中，以调节结晶并最大限度地减少整体缺陷，从而获得高-性能倒置PSC。PTCoPF ₆中的钴茂阳离子和PF ₆^-稳定了Pb-I框架并修复了钙钛矿中带正电和带负电的空位的浅能级缺陷。_{PTCoPF 6}的三唑环中的N=N可以钝化不配位铅的深层缺陷。_{PTCoPF 6}与钙钛矿材料之间的相互作用延迟了钙钛矿成核和晶体生长，确保了大晶粒的高质量钙钛矿，并抑制了非辐射复合和离子迁移。因此，采用 PTCoPF ₆的 PSC 实现了 25.03% 的令人印象深刻的功率转换效率和出色的长期稳定性。未封装和封装的 PTCoPF ₆结合的 PSC 在 85°C 氮气气氛中存储 1000 小时和最大功率点跟踪近 1000 小时时分别保持其初始效率的 93% 和 95%。离子化金属有机复合添加剂的协同结晶动力学调节和深/浅能级缺陷钝化将成为提高PSC效率和稳定性的普遍方法。

更新日期：2024-01-09

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