Heat transfer and temperature evolution in overburden fracture and ground fissures are one of the essential topics for the identification of ground fissures via unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) infrared imager. In this study, discrete element software UDEC was employed to investigate the overburden fracture field under different mining conditions. Multiphysics software COMSOL were employed to investigate heat transfer and temperature evolution of overburden fracture and ground fissures under the influence of mining condition, fissure depth, fissure width, and month alternation. The UAV infrared field measurements also provided a calibration for numerical simulation. The results showed that for ground fissures connected to underground goaf (Fissure I), the temperature difference increased with larger mining height and shallow buried depth. In addition, Fissure I located in the boundary of the goaf have a greater temperature difference and is easier to be identified than fissures located above the mining goaf. For ground fissures having no connection to underground goaf (Fissure II), the heat transfer is affected by the internal resistance of the overlying strata fracture when the depth of Fissure II is greater than 10 m, the temperature of Fissure II gradually equals to the ground temperature as the fissures’ depth increases, and the fissures are difficult to be identified. The identification effect is most obvious for fissures larger than 16 cm under the same depth. In spring and summer, UAV infrared identification of mining fissures should be carried out during nighttime. This study provides the basis for the optimal time and season for the UAV infrared identification of different types of mining ground fissures.

覆盖层裂缝和地裂缝中的传热和温度演化是利用无人机红外成像仪识别地裂缝的重要课题之一。本研究采用离散元软件UDEC对不同采矿条件下的覆岩断裂场进行研究。采用多物理场软件COMSOL研究了采矿条件、裂隙深度、裂隙宽度和月份交替影响下的覆岩裂隙和地裂隙的传热和温度演化。无人机红外场测量也为数值模拟提供了校准。结果表明，对于与地下采空区相连的地裂缝（裂缝I），随着开采高度增大、埋深变浅，温差增大。此外，位于采空区边界的Ⅰ号裂隙与位于采空区上方的裂隙相比，温差较大，更容易识别。对于与地下采空区无连通的地裂缝（裂缝II），传热受上覆岩层裂缝内阻影响，当裂缝II深度大于10 m时，裂缝II的温度逐渐与地面持平随着裂缝深度的增加，温度升高，裂缝难以识别。相同深度下大于16 cm的裂隙识别效果最明显。春夏季节，无人机红外识别采矿裂隙应在夜间进行。本研究为无人机红外识别不同类型采矿地裂缝的最佳时间和季节提供依据。