Chemical environment and precursor-coordinating molecular interactions within a perovskite precursor solution can lead to important implications in structural defects and crystallization kinetics of a perovskite film. Thus, the opto-electronic quality of such films can be boosted by carefully fine-tuning the coordination chemistry of perovskite precursors via controllable introduction of additives, capable of forming intermediate complexes. In this work, we employed a new type of ligand, namely 1-phenylguanidine (PGua), which coordinates strongly with the PbI₂ complexes in the perovskite precursor, forming new intermediate species. These strong interactions effectively retard the perovskite crystallization process and form homogeneous films with enlarged grain sizes and reduced density of defects. In combination with an interfacial treatment, the resulted champion devices exhibit a 24.6% efficiency with outstanding operational stability. Unprecedently, PGua can be applied in various PSCs with different perovskite compositions and even in both configurations: n–i–p and p–i–n, highlighting the universality of this ligand.

中文翻译：

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用于钙钛矿太阳能电池中铅配位和定制晶体生长的通用配体

钙钛矿前体溶液内的化学环境和前体配位分子相互作用可能会对钙钛矿薄膜的结构缺陷和结晶动力学产生重要影响。因此，通过可控地引入能够形成中间配合物的添加剂，仔细微调钙钛矿前体的配位化学，可以提高此类薄膜的光电质量。在这项工作中，我们采用了一种新型配体，即1-苯基胍（PGua），它与钙钛矿前驱体中的PbI _{2配合物强烈配位，形成新的中间体物种。}这些强相互作用有效地延迟了钙钛矿结晶过程，并形成晶粒尺寸增大和缺陷密度降低的均匀薄膜。结合界面处理，最终的冠军器件表现出 24.6% 的效率和出色的运行稳定性。PGua 前所未有地可以应用于具有不同钙钛矿成分的各种 PSC，甚至可以应用于 n-i-p 和 p-i-n 两种配置，凸显了该配体的通用性。