European Journal of Applied Physiology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05392-0
Laura J Tuominen 1, 2, 3 , Suvi Tuohinen 4 , Richard V Lundell 2, 3 , Anne K Räisänen-Sokolowski 3, 5, 6 , Tomi Wuorimaa 7
|
Purpose
Dive-induced cardiac and hemodynamic changes are caused by various mechanisms, and they are aggravated by cold water. Therefore, aging divers with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions may be at risk of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or arrhythmias while diving. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a single decompression CCR dive in arctic cold water on cardiac function in Finnish technical divers.
Methods
Thirty-nine divers performed one identical 45 mfw CCR dive in 2–4 °C water. Hydration and cardiac functions were assessed before and after the dive. Detection of venous gas embolization was performed within 120 min after the dive.
Results
The divers were affected by both cold-water-induced hemodynamic changes and immersion-related fluid loss. Both systolic and diastolic functions were impaired after the dive although the changes in cardiac functions were subtle. Venous inert gas bubbles were detected in all divers except for one. Venous gas embolism did not affect systolic or diastolic function.
Conclusion
A single trimix CCR dive in arctic cold water seemed to debilitate both systolic and diastolic function. Although the changes were subtle, they appeared parallel over several parameters. This indicates a real post-dive deterioration in cardiac function instead of only volume-dependent changes. These changes are without a clinical significance in healthy divers. However, in a population with pre-existing or underlying heart problems, such changes may provoke symptomatic problems during or after the dive.
中文翻译:
![](https://scdn.x-mol.com/jcss/images/paperTranslation.png)
极冷水中单次闭路循环呼吸器减压潜水对心脏功能的影响
目的
潜水引起的心脏和血流动力学变化是由多种机制引起的,冷水会加剧这种变化。因此,患有心血管疾病的老年潜水员在潜水时可能面临急性心肌梗塞、心力衰竭或心律失常的风险。本研究的目的是评估北极冷水中单次减压 CCR 潜水对芬兰技术潜水员心脏功能的影响。
方法
39 名潜水员在 2–4 °C 的水中进行了一次相同的 45 mfw CCR 潜水。潜水前后评估水合和心脏功能。潜水后120分钟内进行静脉气体栓塞的检测。
结果
潜水员受到冷水引起的血流动力学变化和与浸泡相关的液体流失的影响。尽管心脏功能的变化很微妙,但潜水后收缩和舒张功能均受损。除一名潜水员外,所有潜水员均检测到静脉惰性气泡。静脉气体栓塞不影响收缩或舒张功能。
结论
在北极冷水中进行一次 Trimix CCR 潜水似乎会削弱收缩和舒张功能。尽管这些变化很微妙,但它们在几个参数上似乎是平行的。这表明潜水后心脏功能确实恶化,而不仅仅是体积相关的变化。这些变化对于健康潜水员没有临床意义。然而,对于已有或潜在心脏问题的人群,这种变化可能会在潜水期间或潜水后引发症状问题。