We recently reported in Gut that the microbiome is unequivocally implicated in early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) aetiology, starting in the first trimester (T1),1 and other groups have shown continued microbiota dysbiosis in women with GDM in second trimester (T2) and third trimester (T3).2 In continuation of our T1 research, we now have data showing that dietary interventions, the preferred and primary treatment of GDM, are effective in part by altering the gut microbiota. To elucidate the causal role of the microbiome on GDM, we performed faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) of samples from age/body mass index-matched women with and without GDM (n=5 each, table 1 and online supplemental table 1) in T2 and in T3, following dietary intervention, to germ-free mice to elucidate microbiome-mediated effects of diet on GDM (figure 1A). Retrospective analysis of donor samples suggests different microbiota compositions between the groups, irrespective of trimester (figure 1B,C); no differentially abundant taxa were identified.### Supplementary data [gutjnl-2023-331456supp001.pdf] Figure 1 GDM phenotype transfer experiments based on faecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) from women in T2 and T3 of pregnancy. (A) Experimental design. (B,C) Faecal microbiota characterisation of the FMT donor samples. (B) Pregnant donors had trends of different α diversity between GDM status with a trending interaction effect of trimester (Faith’s PD, p<0.075). (C) There was also a trend toward different β diversity (unweighted UniFrac, p=0.068). (D–G) Mouse results from FMT experiment. (D) There was no difference in fasting glucose levels (time 0), but glucose levels were significantly higher in mice receiving the GDM FMT from T2 at 30 min after injection. (E) Similarly, in T3 FMT, …

中文翻译：

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饮食诱导的微生物组改变对人类粪便移植后小鼠 GDM 的积极影响


我们最近在《肠道》杂志上报道，从妊娠早期 (T1) 开始，微生物群与早期妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 病因学明确相关，1 其他研究组已显示，患有 GDM 的女性在妊娠中期 (T2) 和妊娠晚期 (T3)。2 在 T1 研究的继续中，我们现在有数据表明，饮食干预（GDM 的首选和主要治疗方法）部分通过改变肠道微生物群而有效。为了阐明微生物组对 GDM 的因果作用，我们对年龄/体重指数匹配的患有和不患有 GDM 的女性样本进行了粪便微生物群移植 (FMT)（每例 n=5，表 1 和在线补充表 1）。在 T3 阶段，饮食干预后，对无菌小鼠进行研究，以阐明微生物组介导的饮食对 GDM 的影响（图 1A）。对供体样本的回顾性分析表明，无论妊娠期如何，各组之间的微生物群组成不同（图 1B、C）；未发现差异丰度的类群。### 补充数据 [gutjnl-2023-331456supp001.pdf] 图 1 基于妊娠 T2 和 T3 妇女粪便微生物群移植 (FMT) 的 GDM 表型转移实验。 (A) 实验设计。 (B,C) FMT 供体样本的粪便微生物群特征。 (B) 怀孕捐献者在 GDM 状态之间具有不同的 α 多样性趋势，与妊娠期的趋势相互作用效应 (Faith's PD, p<0.075)。 (C) 也存在不同 β 多样性的趋势（未加权 UniFrac，p=0.068）。 (D–G) FMT 实验的小鼠结果。 (D) 空腹血糖水平（时间 0）没有差异，但注射后 30 分钟从 T2 开始接受 GDM FMT 的小鼠的血糖水平显着升高。 (E) 同样，在 T3 FMT 中，……