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Differential induction of NF-κB pathways by non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in Helicoverpa armigera is critical for an efficient immune response and survival
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108049
Akram Rajabloo 1 , Jaber Karimi 2 , Mohammad Mehrabadi 3
Affiliation  

Following pathogen infection in a host, extensive changes occur in the host’s gene expression pattern to suppress infection and increase the chance of host survival. Likewise, many pathogens have evolved to evade/suppress host immunity and increase their survival within the host. In this study, we assessed the NF-κB (Imd and Toll) essential gene expression response of Helicoverpa armigera to an entomopathogenic Serratia marcescens and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. Bacterial cells of S. marcescens or E. coli were injected into the haemocoel of fifth-instar larvae of H. armigera, whereas distilled water was injected into control insects. Our results showed that the expression levels of the Imd and Toll pathway genes (i.e., Relish, imd, spätzle and dif) and the antimicrobial peptides (i.e., gloverin, transferin, gallerimycin, and galiomicin) were differentially expressed following the bacterial injections while control larvae showed no differences. The E. coli injection induced higher and longer-lasted gene expression than the S. marcescens injected larvae, in which the gene expressions were diminished from 24 h post injection. Transcript Knockdown of Relish increased the replication rates of S. marcescens and E. coli, and lowered the infected larvae survival rates. These results showed that H. armigera NF-κB immunity pathways (particularly Imd pathway) play a vital role in immunity against bacterial infections, and S. marcescens might modulate these pathways to survive and replicate in the host.

中文翻译:


棉铃草中的非致病性细菌和病原菌对 NF-κB 通路的差异诱导对于有效的免疫反应和存活至关重要



宿主感染病原体后,宿主的基因表达模式发生广泛变化,以抑制感染并增加宿主存活的机会。同样,许多病原体已经进化为逃避/抑制宿主免疫并提高它们在宿主内的存活率。在这项研究中,我们评估了棉铃对昆虫病原性粘质沙雷氏菌和非致病性大肠杆菌的 NF-κB (Imd 和 Toll) 必需基因表达反应。将粘质链球菌或大肠杆菌的细菌细胞注射到棉铃 H. armigera 五龄幼虫的血腔中,而蒸馏水被注射到对照昆虫中。我们的结果表明,细菌注射后 Imd 和 Toll 通路基因 (即 Relish、imd、spätzle 和 dif) 和抗菌肽 (即 gloverin、transferin、gallerimycin 和 galiomicin) 的表达水平存在差异,而对照幼虫没有差异。大肠杆菌注射诱导的基因表达比注射的粘质链球菌幼虫更高且持续时间更长,其中基因表达从注射后 24 小时开始减少。Relish 的 Transcript Knockdown 提高了粘质链球菌和大肠杆菌的复制率,并降低了感染幼虫的存活率。这些结果表明,棉铃 H. armigera NF-κB 免疫通路(尤其是 Imd 通路)在免疫细菌感染中起着至关重要的作用,粘质链球菌可能调节这些通路在宿主中存活和复制。
更新日期:2023-12-28
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