The discovery of nickelates superconductor creates exciting opportunities to unconventional superconductivity. However, its synthesis is challenging and only a few groups worldwide can obtain samples with zero-resistance. This problem becomes the major barrier for this field. From plume dynamics perspective, we found the synthesis of superconducting nickelates is a complex process and the challenge is twofold, i.e., how to stabilize an ideal infinite-layer structure Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂, and then how to make Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂ superconducting? The competition between perovskite Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₃ and Ruddlesden–Popper defect phase is crucial for obtaining infinite-layer structure. Due to inequivalent angular distributions of condensate during laser ablation, the laser energy density is critical to obtain phase-pure Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₃. However, for obtaining superconductivity, both laser energy density and substrate temperature are very important. We also demonstrate the superconducting Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂ epitaxial film is very stable in ambient conditions up to 512 days. Our results provide important insights for fabrication of superconducting infinite-layer nickelates towards future device applications.

镍酸盐超导体的发现为非常规超导创造了令人兴奋的机会。然而，它的合成具有挑战性，全球只有少数团队能够获得零电阻的样品。这个问题成为该领域的主要障碍。从羽流动力学角度，我们发现超导镍盐的合成是一个复杂的过程，面临双重挑战，即如何稳定理想的无限层结构Nd _0.8 Sr _0.2 NiO ₂，​​以及如何制备Nd _0.8 Sr _0.2 NiO ₂超导？钙钛矿Nd _0.8 Sr _0.2 NiO ₃和Ruddlesden-Popper缺陷相之间的竞争对于获得无限层结构至关重要。由于激光烧蚀过程中凝聚体的不等角分布，激光能量密度对于获得纯相Nd _0.8 Sr _0.2 NiO ₃至关重要。然而，为了获得超导性，激光能量密度和基底温度都非常重要。我们还证明了超导 Nd _0.8 Sr _0.2 NiO ₂外延膜在环境条件下长达 512 天非常稳定。我们的研究结果为超导无限层镍酸盐的制造以及未来器件应用提供了重要的见解。