The self-discharge by corrosion of zinc-air batteries (ZABs) will result in the reduced coulombic efficiency and lower energy efficiency. The additives in electrolyte should not only inhibit the occurrence of self-corrosion during battery dormancy, but also achieve a stable cycle of adsorption–desorption during battery operation, improving the durability of discharge cycles. But the former requires strong binding between additives and zinc to form a dense protective film, while the latter requires easy desorption of additives and zinc without affecting discharge power, which is contradictory to balance. In this study, a dynamic combination of additives and zinc, as well as a design of multi-channel strategy for the corresponding protective layer, have been proposed to solve the issues of self-corrosion and discharge cycle stability. Specifically, the surfactant (octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate (OP-10P)) and 1,10-decanedithiol (DD) have been selected as the combined anti-corrosion additives in ZABs with concentrated alkaline solution. The synergistic inhibition mechanism and the stabilization mechanism in zinc-air full cells have been studied systematically. The results indicated that the combined inhibitors inhibited the self-corrosion of Zn efficiently in the dormancy, and the inhibition efficiency reached 99.9 % at the optimized proportion. OP-10P achieve the preferential adsorption on the zinc surface, and then the chelates of DD with Zn²⁺ deposit on the outer layer to form the protective film with fine hydrophobic performance. The stability of ZABs in discharge and charging cycles has been improved owing to the multilayer adsorption film on zinc surface, which retains ion transport channels with the homogeneously pores to weaken the dendrites and side reactions during galvanostatic cycles. A probable model on zinc surface was established to discuss the actual working mechanism.

锌空气电池（ZAB）腐蚀引起的自放电会导致库仑效率降低和能量效率降低。电解液中的添加剂不仅要抑制电池休眠期间自腐蚀的发生，而且要在电池运行过程中实现稳定的吸附-解吸循环，提高放电循环的耐久性。但前者要求添加剂与锌之间结合力强，形成致密的保护膜，而后者则要求添加剂与锌易于解吸而不影响放电功率，这与平衡是矛盾的。本研究提出了添加剂和锌的动态组合以及相应保护层的多通道策略设计，以解决自腐蚀和放电循环稳定性问题。具体而言，选择表面活性剂（辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸盐（OP-10P））和1,10-癸二硫醇（DD）作为ZAB中浓碱性溶液的组合防腐添加剂。对锌-空气全电池的协同抑制机制和稳定机制进行了系统研究。结果表明，复合缓蚀剂能够有效抑制休眠状态下Zn的自腐蚀，在优化配比下缓蚀效率达到99.9%。OP-10P在锌表面优先吸附，DD与Zn ²⁺的螯合物沉积在外层，形成具有良好疏水性能的保护膜。由于锌表面的多层吸附膜保留了具有均匀孔隙的离子传输通道，从而削弱了恒电流循环期间的枝晶和副反应，因此提高了ZAB在充放电循环中的稳定性。建立了锌表面的可能模型来讨论实际的工作机制。