<br>水系锂离子电池中的界面化学：稀水系电解质中 V2O5 的案例研究,Small

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水系锂离子电池中的界面化学：稀水系电解质中 V2O5 的案例研究
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-25 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308577
Xu Hou ₁ , Leiting Zhang ₁ , Neeha Gogoi ₁ , Kristina Edström ₁ , Erik J Berg ₁

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由于水系电解质具有成本效益、本质安全和环境友好的特性，水系锂离子电池（ALIB）在大规模储能系统中具有广阔的前景。然而，界面副反应和水性电解质的电化学稳定性窗口（ESW）狭窄阻碍了实际应用。尽管较高的电解质盐浓度（例如，盐包水电解质）通过扩大ESW来增强性能，但副反应过程的性质和程度仍存在争议，并且需要对其进行更基本的理解。在此，通过一套独特的操作分析技术系统地探索了用于水系电池的最流行的电极材料之一V ₂ O ₅的界面化学。通过监测电极/电解质相间沉积、电解质 pH 值和气体逸出，证明了放电/充电过程中 V ₂ O ₅ /V ₂ O ₄ 、Li ₂ CO ₃和 LiF 的高度动态形成/溶解是耦合的无论电解质盐浓度如何，都会发生电解质分解和导电碳氧化。该研究提供了对水性电解质中不同质子活性下活性材料界面化学的更深入的了解，从而指导针对 ALIB 及其他领域更有效的电极/电解质界面的设计。

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Interfacial Chemistry in Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Case Study of V2O5 in Dilute Aqueous Electrolytes

Aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage systems because of the cost-effective, intrinsically safe, and environmentally friendly properties of aqueous electrolytes. Practical application is however impeded by interfacial side-reactions and the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of aqueous electrolytes. Even though higher electrolyte salt concentrations (e.g., water-in-salt electrolyte) enhance performance by widening the ESW, the nature and extent of side-reaction processes are debated and more fundamental understanding thereof is needed. Herein, the interfacial chemistry of one of the most popular electrode materials, V₂O₅, for aqueous batteries is systematically explored by a unique set of operando analytical techniques. By monitoring electrode/electrolyte interphase deposition, electrolyte pH, and gas evolution, the highly dynamic formation/dissolution of V₂O₅/V₂O₄, Li₂CO₃ and LiF during dis-/charge is demonstrated and shown to be coupled with electrolyte decomposition and conductive carbon oxidation, regardless of electrolyte salt concentration. The study provides deeper understanding of interfacial chemistry of active materials under variable proton activity in aqueous electrolytes, hence guiding the design of more effective electrode/electrolyte interfaces for ALIBs and beyond.

更新日期：2023-12-25

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