Decoding human cytomegalovirus for the development of innovative diagnostics to detect congenital infection,Pediatric Research

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Decoding human cytomegalovirus for the development of innovative diagnostics to detect congenital infection
Pediatric Research ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-25 , DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02957-9
Shelley M Lawrence ₁ , Tyler Goshia ₂ , Mridu Sinha ₃ , Stephanie I Fraley ₂ , Marvin Williams ₄

Affiliation

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital infectious disease and the leading nongenetic etiology of sensorineural hearing loss. Although most infected neonates are asymptomatic at birth, congenital cytomegalovirus infection is responsible for nearly 400 infant deaths annually in the United States and may lead to significant long-term neurodevelopmental impairments in survivors. The resulting financial and social burdens of congenital cytomegalovirus infection have led many medical centers to initiate targeted testing after birth, with a growing advocacy to advance universal newborn screening. While no cures or vaccines are currently available to eliminate or prevent cytomegalovirus infection, much has been learned over the last five years regarding disease pathophysiology and viral replication cycles that may enable the development of innovative diagnostics and therapeutics. This Review will detail our current understanding of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, while focusing our discussion on routine and emerging diagnostics for viral detection, quantification, and long-term prognostication.

Impact

This review highlights our current understanding of the fetal transmission of human cytomegalovirus.
It details clinical signs and physical findings of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
This submission discusses currently available cytomegalovirus diagnostics and introduces emerging platforms that promise improved sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, viral quantification, detection of genomic antiviral resistance, and infection staging (primary, latency, reactivation, reinfection).

中文翻译：

解码人类巨细胞病毒以开发检测先天性感染的创新诊断方法

抽象的

巨细胞病毒是先天性传染病的最常见原因，也是感音神经性听力损失的主要非遗传病因。尽管大多数受感染的新生儿出生时没有症状，但先天性巨细胞病毒感染每年导致美国近 400 例婴儿死亡，并可能导致幸存者出现严重的长期神经发育障碍。先天性巨细胞病毒感染造成的经济和社会负担导致许多医疗中心在出生后启动有针对性的检测，越来越多的人主张推进全民新生儿筛查。虽然目前尚无消除或预防巨细胞病毒感染的治疗方法或疫苗，但在过去五年中，我们在疾病病理生理学和病毒复制周期方面取得了很多进展，这可能有助于开发创新的诊断和治疗方法。这篇综述将详细介绍我们目前对先天性巨细胞病毒感染的理解，同时重点讨论病毒检测、定量和长期预测的常规和新兴诊断方法。