Owing to hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening and HDI work hardening, heterostructured materials with both “hard” and “soft” characteristics have been proven to achieve strength–ductility synergy. Laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) has shown tremendous potential in the fabrication of heterostructured materials, but faces challenges in accurately placing the required structures or materials at specific times and locations. This study developed a novel Ti₂AlC (MAX phase)-modified Inconel 718 composite material (MAX/Inconel 718) with multiscale precipitation (γ’, carbides, Laves phase) characteristics during solidification, highly sensitive to changes in cooling rates, and exhibiting excellent controllability of strength. A method called multibeam diameter laser-directed energy deposition (MBD-LDED), which allows the dynamic adjustment of the beam diameter during the building process to alter the cooling rate during solidification, is proposed. This enabled the placement of MAX/Inconel 718 with different strengths at suitable positions within the part. Different combinations of beam diameters can form periodic distributions and spatial interlocking structures with alternating “soft” and “hard” features perpendicular and parallel to the building direction. Compared to commercial Inconel 718, MAX/Inconel 718 demonstrated excellent manufacturability, strength, and high-temperature oxidation resistance. This study provides new insights into the design and performance optimisation of heterostructures using homogeneous materials and offers guidance for the integrated manufacturing of heterostructured components in the context of comprehensive material–structure–performance design.

由于异质变形诱导（HDI）强化和HDI加工硬化，具有“硬”和“软”特性的异质结构材料已被证明可以实现强度-延展性协同。激光定向能量沉积（LDED）在异质结构材料的制造方面显示出巨大的潜力，但在特定时间和地点准确放置所需结构或材料方面面临挑战。本研究开发了一种新型Ti ₂ AlC（MAX相）改性Inconel 718复合材料（MAX/Inconel 718），在凝固过程中具有多尺度析出（γ'、碳化物、Laves相）特征，对冷却速率的变化高度敏感，并表现出力量的可控性极佳。提出了一种称为多光束直径激光定向能量沉积（MBD-LDED）的方法，该方法允许在构建过程中动态调整光束直径，以改变凝固过程中的冷却速率。这使得能够将具有不同强度的 MAX/Inconel 718 放置在零件内的合适位置。光束直径的不同组合可以形成周期性分布和空间互锁结构，具有垂直和平行于建筑方向交替的“软”和“硬”特征。与商用Inconel 718相比，MAX/Inconel 718表现出优异的可制造性、强度和高温抗氧化性。这项研究为使用均质材料的异质结构的设计和性能优化提供了新的见解，并为在全面的材料-结构-性能设计背景下异质结构组件的集成制造提供了指导。