Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107998
Su-Ching Chang, Shane T. Ahyong, Ling-Ming Tsang
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A comprehensive molecular analysis of the deep-sea blind lobsters of the family Polychelidae, often referred to as “living fossils”, is conducted based on all six modern genera and 27 of the 38 extant species. Using six genetic markers from both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, the molecular phylogenetic results differ considerably from previous morphological analyses and reveal the genera Polycheles and Pentacheles to be para- or polyphyletic. As the splitting of Polycheles has strong support from both molecular and morphological data, two new genera, Dianecheles and Neopolycheles, are erected for those species excluded from the clade containing the type species of Polycheles. The pattern of polyphyly of Pentacheles, however, is not robustly resolved, so it is retained as a single genus. Fossil evidence suggests that fossil polychelids inhabited deep-sea environments as early as the Early to Middle Jurassic, demonstrating the enduring adaptation of extant polychelid species to the deep-sea. Time-calibrated phylogeny suggested that modern polychelids probably had an Atlantic origin during the Jurassic period. Since their emergence, this ancient lobster group has continued to diversify, particularly in the West Pacific, and has colonized the abyssal zone, with the deepest genus, Willemoesia, representing the more 'derived' members among extant polychelids. Differences in eye reduction among extant polychelid genera highlight the necessity for ongoing investigations to ascertain the relative degree of functionality of their eyes, if they indeed retain any function.
中文翻译:
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多螯虾科深海盲龙虾(十足目:多螯虾)的分子系统发育,对这些“活化石”的起源和进化具有重要意义
对常被称为“活化石”的深海盲龙虾科多螯龙虾进行了全面的分子分析,分析基于所有 6 个现代属和 38 个现存物种中的 27 个物种。使用来自线粒体和核基因组的六个遗传标记,分子系统发育结果与之前的形态学分析有很大不同,并揭示了Polycheles属和Pentacheles属是平行系或多系系。由于Polycheles的分裂得到了分子和形态学数据的有力支持,因此为那些被排除在包含Polycheles模式种的进化枝之外的物种建立了两个新属, Dianecheles和Neopolycheles 。然而, Pentacheles的多系模式尚未得到彻底解决,因此它被保留为单一属。化石证据表明,早在早侏罗世至中侏罗世,多螯类化石就栖息在深海环境中,这证明了现存多螯类物种对深海的持久适应。时间校准的系统发育表明,现代多螯类动物可能起源于侏罗纪时期的大西洋。自从出现以来,这个古老的龙虾群体不断多样化,特别是在西太平洋,并在深海区域定居,其中最深的龙虾属, Willemoesia,代表了现存多螯类动物中更“衍生”的成员。现存多螯类动物属之间眼睛缩小的差异凸显了持续研究的必要性,以确定它们眼睛功能的相对程度(如果它们确实保留了任何功能)。