Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a toxic substance present in certain natural plants. Direct human exposure to these plants containing AAs leads to a severe and irreversible condition known as aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Additionally, AAs accumulation in the food chain through environmental mediators can trigger Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an environmental variant of AAN. This paper presents a concise overview of the oncogenic pathways associated with AAs and explores the various routes of environmental exposure to AAs. The detection and removal of AAs in natural plants, drugs, and environmental and biological samples were classified and summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods were analyzed. It is hoped that this review can provide effective insights into the detection and removal of AAs in the future.

中文翻译：

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天然植物、药物以及环境和生物样品中马兜铃酸的检测和去除：综述


马兜铃酸 (AA) 是存在于某些天然植物中的有毒物质。人类直接接触这些含有 AA 的植物会导致严重且不可逆转的病症，称为马兜铃酸肾病 (AAN)。此外，AA 通过环境介质在食物链中积累，可引发巴尔干地方性肾病 (BEN)，这是 AAN 的一种环境变体。本文简要概述了与 AA 相关的致癌途径，并探讨了环境暴露于 AA 的各种途径。对天然植物、药物、环境和生物样品中AA的检测和去除进行了分类和总结，并分析了各种方法的优缺点。希望本次综述能够为未来 AA 的检测和去除提供有效的见解。