Artificial reefs have been widely deployed with the intention of increasing fish habitat, enhancing recreational fishery opportunities and providing socio-economic benefits to surrounding communities. Substantial work has been done to understand the ecology of artificial reefs but the efficacy of artificial reefs as a management tool hinges on socioecological feedbacks that are not well understood. Socioecological feedbacks are difficult to discern because they depend on multiple and complex interactions between fish, fishers, managers and habitats. To better understand the net effects of artificial reefs on recreational fisheries, we conducted a literature review to catalogue effects and feedbacks of artificial reefs. Our global synthesis revealed that artificial reefs may result in a net negative effect on fish populations, at least in the short-term, as catch-driven effects bolstering socio-economic objectives occur more often or at greater intensities than positive biological effects. We have highlighted important effects of artificial reefs and feedbacks that need to be accounted for when considering their deployment in fishery management. There may be unintended consequences if biological benefits from habitat-to-fish and fish-to-fish feedbacks are outweighed by population losses due to greater socio-economic benefits from fish-to-fisher feedbacks. Taken in concert with their semi-permanent nature and apparent popularity with stakeholders, a view emerges of artificial reefs possibly functioning as a ‘social-ecological trap’. This work emphasizes the need for robust assessments of the effects of artificial reefs, as well as more formal decision science approaches for implementing of these structures.

中文翻译：

---

人工鱼礁对休闲渔业社会生态系统的影响和反馈的全球综合

人工鱼礁已被广泛部署，目的是增加鱼类栖息地、增加休闲渔业机会并为周围社区提供社会经济效益。为了了解人工鱼礁的生态学，人们已经做了大量工作，但人工鱼礁作为管理工具的功效取决于尚未得到充分理解的社会生态反馈。社会生态反馈很难辨别，因为它们取决于鱼类、渔民、管理者和栖息地之间多重复杂的相互作用。为了更好地了解人工鱼礁对休闲渔业的净影响，我们进行了文献综述，对人工鱼礁的影响和反馈进行了分类。我们的全球综合报告显示，人工鱼礁可能会对鱼类种群产生净负面影响，至少在短期内是这样，因为支持社会经济目标的捕捞驱动效应比积极的生物效应更频繁或更强烈地发生。我们强调了人工鱼礁的重要影响以及在考虑在渔业管理中部署人工鱼礁时需要考虑的反馈。如果由于鱼对渔民的反馈带来的更大的社会经济效益而造成的种群损失超过了栖息地对鱼和鱼对鱼的反馈所带来的生物效益，则可能会产生意想不到的后果。考虑到人工鱼礁的半永久性性质和明显受到利益相关者的欢迎，人们认为人工鱼礁可能充当“社会生态陷阱”。这项工作强调需要对人工鱼礁的影响进行强有力的评估，以及实施这些结构的更正式的决策科学方法。