This article seeks to challenge essentialist comprehensions of rural Indigenous communities through examining one particular Mapuche community who were the recipients of a land subsidy. Mapuche people are the largest Indigenous group in Chile. Since the 1990s, the Chilean government, responding to calls for social justice, has purchased land and relocated Mapuche people, mostly landless or almost landless smallholder Indigenous peasants, to areas where they could own land. This study draws on qualitative data gathered from one Mapuche community throughout 2020 and early 2021. It examines the process by which these Mapuche Indigenous people became landowners, and the meanings of this transition for the rural community and households in terms of class differentiation. To this end, the article reflects on key aspects of rural everyday life, such as access to land and machinery. Firstly, it pays attention to the story behind the creation of a new Indigenous community, through analyzing the engagement of its members with the institutional path that was created by the Chilean State as a means of addressing Indigenous land struggles. This, in turn, shows how Indigenous communities can also be made while highlighting the disruptions triggered within such communities when engaging with these public schemes. Secondly, the article reflects on how the members of this new Indigenous community regard certain means of production, especially a communal tractor that was acquired through a Chilean State subsidy. In this respect, it shows how agrarian class formation is associated with these rural households' perceptions regarding their co-owned tractor. Through investigating shifting notions of rural Indigenous communities, it is concluded that dynamics of agrarian class differentiation led to community development, as well as demarking the contours of individual rural households within each community.

中文翻译：

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土著社区的形成和社区的局限性：智利南部的阶级分化和社会联系☆

本文旨在通过研究一个接受土地补贴的特定马普切社区来挑战对农村土著社区的本质主义理解。马普切人是智利最大的原住民群体。自20世纪90年代以来，智利政府响应社会正义的呼声，购买了土地并将马普切人（大部分是无地或几乎无地的小农原住民）重新安置到他们可以拥有土地的地区。本研究利用了 2020 年和 2021 年初从一个马普切社区收集的定性数据。它探讨了这些马普切原住民成为土地所有者的过程，以及这种转变对农村社区和家庭在阶级分化方面的意义。为此，本文反思了农村日常生活的关键方面，例如获得土地和机械的机会。首先，它通过分析其成员对智利政府为解决土著土地斗争而创建的制度路径的参与，关注新土著社区创建背后的故事。这反过来又展示了如何建立原住民社区，同时强调参与这些公共计划时在这些社区内引发的破坏。其次，文章反思了这个新土著社区的成员如何看待某些生产资料，特别是通过智利国家补贴获得的公共拖拉机。在这方面，它显示了农业阶级的形成如何与这些农村家庭对其共同拥有的拖拉机的看法相关联。通过调查农村原住民社区观念的转变，得出的结论是，农业阶级分化的动态导致了社区的发展，并划定了每个社区内各个农村家庭的轮廓。