Alteration of basaltic glass and in situ mineral growth are fundamental processes that influence the chemical and material properties of Earth’s oceanic crust. These processes have evolved at the basaltic island of Surtsey (SW Iceland) since eruptions terminated in 1967. Here, subaerial and submarine lapilli tuff samples from a 192 m-deep borehole drilled in 2017 (SE-02b) are characterized through petrographic studies, X-ray powder diffraction analyses, and SEM–EDS imaging and chemical analyses. The integrated results reveal (i) multi-stage palagonitization processes in basaltic glass and precipitation of secondary minerals from matrix pore fluids, (ii) multi-stage crystallization of secondary phillipsite, analcime and Al-tobermorite in the vesicles of basaltic pyroclasts and (iii) variations in palagonitization processes as a function of thermal and hydrological domains. Although temperature appears to be an important factor in controlling rates of secondary mineralization, the chemistry of original basaltic components and interstitial fluids also influences reaction pathways in the young pyroclastic deposits. The integration of systematic mineralogical analyses of the 50-year-old tuff from one of the most carefully monitored volcanic sites on Earth, together with temperature monitoring in boreholes since 1980, provide a reference framework for evaluating mineralogical evolution in other Surtseyan-type volcanoes worldwide.

玄武岩玻璃的蚀变和原位矿物生长是影响地球洋壳化学和材料特性的基本过程。自 1967 年喷发结束以来，这些过程在苏尔特西玄武岩岛（冰岛西南部）不断演变。这里，通过岩相学研究对 2017 年钻探的 192 米深钻孔 (SE-02b) 中的陆上和海底火山岩凝灰岩样本进行了表征，X射线粉末衍射分析、SEM-EDS 成像和化学分析。综合结果揭示了（i）玄武岩玻璃中的多阶段长菱镁矿化过程以及基质孔隙流体中次生矿物的沉淀，（ii）玄武岩火山碎屑囊泡中次生十字铁矿、方沸石和铝托贝莫来石的多阶段结晶，以及（iii） ）作为热域和水文域函数的长杆石化过程的变化。尽管温度似乎是控制次生矿化速率的重要因素，但原始玄武岩成分和间质流体的化学性质也影响年轻火山碎屑矿床的反应途径。对来自地球上监测最仔细的火山地点之一的 50 年历史的凝灰岩进行系统矿物学分析，再加上自 1980 年以来的钻孔温度监测，为评估全球其他苏尔塞扬型火山的矿物学演化提供了参考框架。