Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used brominated flame retardant in electronics manufacturing, has caused global contamination due to improper e-waste disposal. Its persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential carcinogenicity drive studies of its transformation and underlying (a)biotic interactions. This study achieved an anaerobic enrichment culture capable of reductively dehalogenating TBBPA to the more bioavailable bisphenol A. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR confirmed that successive dehalogenation of four bromide ions from TBBPA was coupled with the growth of both Dehalobacter sp. and Dehalococcoides sp. with growth yields of 5.0 ± 0.4 × 10⁸ and 8.6 ± 4.6 × 10⁸ cells per μmol Br^– released (N = 3), respectively. TBBPA dehalogenation was facilitated by solid humin and reduced humin, which possessed the highest organic radical signal intensity and reducing groups −NH₂, and maintained the highest dehalogenation rate and dehalogenator copies. Genome-centric metatranscriptomic analyses revealed upregulated putative TBBPA-dehalogenating rdhA (reductive dehalogenase) genes with humin amendment, cprA-like Dhb_rdhA1 gene in Dehalobacter species, and Dhc_rdhA1/Dhc_rdhA2 genes in Dehalococcoides species. The upregulated genes of lactate fermentation, de novo corrinoid biosynthesis, and extracellular electron transport in the humin amended treatment also stimulated TBBPA dehalogenation. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of humin-facilitated organohalide respiration.

中文翻译：

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胡敏素促进的厌氧四溴双酚 A 脱卤联合体的以基因组为中心的宏转录组表征

四溴双酚 A (TBBPA) 是一种在电子制造中广泛使用的溴化阻燃剂，由于电子废物处理不当，已造成全球污染。它的持久性、生物蓄积性和潜在的致癌性推动了对其转化和潜在生物相互作用的研究。本研究实现了厌氧富集培养，能够将 TBBPA 还原脱卤为生物利用度更高的双酚 A。16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序和定量 PCR 证实，TBBPA 中四种溴离子的连续脱卤与 Dehalobacter sp. 和Dehalobacter sp. 的生长相结合。和Dehalococcoides sp。^每释放微摩尔 Br ( N = 3)，生长产量分别为 5.0 ± 0.4 × 10 ⁸和 8.6 ± 4.6 × 10 ⁸个细胞。固体胡敏素和还原胡敏素促进了TBBPA脱卤，其具有最高的有机自由基信号强度和还原基团-NH ₂，并保持最高的脱卤率和脱卤剂拷贝数。以基因组为中心的宏转录组分析显示，胡敏素修饰后推定的TBBPA脱卤rdhA（还原脱卤酶）基因上调，Dehalobacter物种中的cprA样Dhb_rdhA1基因以及Dehalococcoides物种中的Dhc_rdhA1/Dhc_rdhA2基因。胡敏素修正处理中乳酸发酵、从头类咕啉生物合成和细胞外电子传递的上调基因也刺激了 TBBPA 脱卤。这项研究提供了对胡敏素促进的有机卤化物呼吸的全面了解。