River damming has brought great benefits to flood mitigation, energy and food production, and will continue to play a significant role in global energy supply, particularly in Asia, Africa, and South America. However, dams have extensively altered global river dynamics, including riverine connectivity, hydrological, thermal, sediment and solute regimes, and the channel morphology. These alterations have detrimental effects on the quality and quantity of fish habitat and associated impacts on aquatic life. Indeed, dams have been implicated in the decline of numerous fishes, emphasizing the need for effective conservation measures. Here, we present a global synthesis of critical issues concerning the impacts of river damming on physical fish habitats, with a particular focus on key fish species across continents. We also consider current fish conservation measures and their applicability in different contexts. Finally, we identify future research needs. The information presented herein will help support sustainable dam operation under the constraints of future climate change and human needs.

中文翻译：

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河流筑坝对鱼类栖息地的影响及相关保护措施

河流筑坝为防洪、能源和粮食生产带来了巨大效益，并将继续在全球能源供应中发挥重要作用，特别是在亚洲、非洲和南美洲。然而，水坝广泛改变了全球河流动态，包括河流连通性、水文、热力、沉积物和溶质状况以及河道形态。这些变化对鱼类栖息地的质量和数量以及对水生生物的相关影响产生不利影响。事实上，水坝与许多鱼类的减少有关，这凸显了采取有效保护措施的必要性。在这里，我们综合介绍了有关河流筑坝对鱼类自然栖息地影响的关键问题，特别关注各大洲的关键鱼类物种。我们还考虑当前的鱼类保护措施及其在不同情况下的适用性。最后，我们确定未来的研究需求。本文提供的信息将有助于在未来气候变化和人类需求的限制下支持可持续的大坝运营。