Revisiting the species list of freshwater fish in Israel based on DNA barcoding,Ecology and Evolution

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Revisiting the species list of freshwater fish in Israel based on DNA barcoding
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10812
Roni Tadmor-Levi _{1,

2} , Tamar Feldstein-Farkash ₃ , Dana Milstein ₄ , Daniel Golani ₂ , Noam Leader ₄ , Menachem Goren ₃ , Lior David _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Israel's region forms a continental bridge; hence, the freshwater fish fauna in Israel consists of unique populations of species that originated from Africa, Asia, or Europe and are often endemic or at the edge of their distribution range. Worldwide, fish biodiversity suffers significantly from pressures and disturbances of freshwater habitats, especially in arid regions, such as in parts of Israel. Biodiversity conservation requires efficient tools for monitoring changes in populations. DNA barcoding, by complementing and enhancing species identification, provides such monitoring tools. In this study, over 200 specimens representing over 28 species were DNA barcoded and together with previously available records, a DNA barcoding database for freshwater fish of Israel was established. Of the 71 distinct barcodes generated, 37% were new, attesting to the uniqueness of fish populations in Israel. For most species, morphological and molecular species identifications agreed. However, discrepancies were found for five genera. Based on DNA barcoding, we propose Acanthobrama telavivensis as a junior synonym for Acanthobrama lissneri. In Garra spp., we propose splitting Garra nana into two species and assigning Garra rufa in the region to Garra jordanica, or possibly to two species. Israeli Pseudophoxinus kervillei is not the same species as in Syria and Lebanon. However, Pseudophoxinus syriacus might not be endangered since it is genetically very similar to Pseudophoxinus drusensis. In Israel, instead of five reported Oxynoemacheilus species, combining DNA barcoding with morphology suggests only three. Genetic and geographic separation suggested that Aphanius mento is likely a species complex. The study provides a thorough barcoding database, suggests significant species reconsiderations in the region, and highlights the Sea of Galilee and the Beit She'an valley streams as biodiversity “hotspots.” This study will therefore promote further studying of the fish species in the region and their ecology, as well as the monitoring and conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity in Israel and the region.

中文翻译：

重新审视基于 DNA 条形码的以色列淡水鱼物种清单

以色列的地区形成了一座大陆桥;因此，以色列的淡水鱼类动物群由起源于非洲、亚洲或欧洲的独特物种种群组成，通常是地方性的或处于其分布范围的边缘。在世界范围内，鱼类生物多样性受到淡水栖息地的压力和干扰的严重影响，尤其是在以色列部分地区等干旱地区。生物多样性保护需要有效的工具来监测种群的变化。DNA 条形码通过补充和增强物种鉴定，提供了此类监测工具。在这项研究中，代表超过 28 个物种的 200 多个标本被 DNA 条形码编码，并与以前可用的记录一起建立了以色列淡水鱼的 DNA 条形码数据库。在生成的 71 个不同条形码中，37% 是新的，证明了以色列鱼类种群的独特性。对于大多数物种，形态学和分子物种鉴定是一致的。然而，发现 5 个属存在差异。基于 DNA 条形码，我们建议 Acanthobrama telavivensis 作为 Acanthobrama lissneri 的初级同义词。在 Garra spp. 中，我们建议将 Garra nana 分为两个物种，并将该地区的 Garra rufa 归为 Garra jordanica，或者可能归为两个物种。以色列 Pseudophoxinus kervillei 与叙利亚和黎巴嫩的物种不同。然而，Pseudophoxinus syriacus 可能不会濒临灭绝，因为它在基因上与 Pseudophoxinus drusensis 非常相似。在以色列，将 DNA 条形码与形态学相结合表明只有 3 种，而不是 5 种报道的 Oxynoemacheilus 物种。遗传和地理分离表明 Aphanius mento 可能是一个物种复合体。该研究提供了一个全面的条形码数据库，建议对该地区的物种进行重大的重新考虑，并强调加利利海和 Beit She'an 山谷溪流是生物多样性的“热点”。因此，这项研究将促进对该地区鱼类物种及其生态学的进一步研究，以及以色列和该地区淡水鱼类生物多样性的监测和保护。

更新日期：2023-12-20

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