The smart mechanical sensing technology based on mechanoluminescence (ML) has potential applications in the fields of wearable mechanical sensors and remote detection of human health due to its characteristics of non-contact, visualization, and remote signal transmission. Herein, a new strategy for multi-mode ML in a rigid and flexible medium by embedding fluoride nanocrystals (CaF₂: Tb³⁺) in amorphous media was proposed and the intrinsic physical mechanism of energy conversion was clarified. For the rigid transparent CaF₂: Tb³⁺ glass ceramics (GCs), without being fabricated with any special medium, recoverable trap-controlled ML can be generated under friction after X-ray pre-irradiation. Furthermore, the ML composite device fabricated using CaF₂: Tb³⁺ GC powder and flexible stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can achieve self-recovery ML under multimode mechanical stimulation due to the induction of inorganic-organic interface triboelectrification. Finally, rigid accurate stress detection at non-stressed point positions is designed based on the remote transmission of a ML signal owing to the unique optical waveguide effect of GCs, and a flexible mechanical-sensing optical skin for real-time monitoring of human health status is realized by using the CaF₂: Tb³⁺ GC powder/PDMS composite device. This work opens up a new avenue for the realization of multi-scene stress detection based on a rigid/flexible ML material.

中文翻译：

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从刚性到柔性介质的氟化物玻璃陶瓷的多模式机械发光到多场景机械传感器

基于机械发光（ML）的智能机械传感技术因其非接触、可视化、远程信号传输等特点，在可穿戴机械传感器、人体健康远程检测等领域具有潜在应用前景。在此，提出了一种通过在非晶介质中嵌入氟化物纳米晶体（CaF ₂ : Tb ³⁺ ）来实现刚性和柔性介质中多模式ML的新策略，并阐明了能量转换的内在物理机制。对于刚性透明CaF ₂ : Tb ³⁺玻璃陶瓷(GCs)来说，无需使用任何特殊介质即可在X射线预照射后在摩擦下产生可恢复的陷阱控制ML。_{此外，使用CaF 2} : Tb ³⁺ GC粉末和柔性可拉伸聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）制造的ML复合器件可以由于无机-有机界面摩擦起电的诱导而在多模式机械刺激下实现自恢复ML。最后，利用GC独特的光波导效应，设计了基于ML信号远程传输的非受力点位置的刚性精确应力检测，以及用于实时监测人体健康状况的柔性机械传感光学皮肤。采用CaF ₂ : Tb ³⁺ GC粉末/PDMS复合装置实现。这项工作为实现基于刚性/柔性机器学习材料的多场景应力检测开辟了新途径。