Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit exceptionally strong nonlinear optical responses, benefiting from their reduced dimensionality, relaxed phase-matching requirements, and enhanced light-matter interaction. With additional degrees of freedom in the modulation of the physical properties by stacking 2D layers together, nonlinear optics of 2D heterostructures becomes increasingly fascinating. In this perspective, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the field of nonlinear optics of 2D heterostructures, with a particular focus on their remarkable capabilities in characterization and modulation. Given the recent advances and the emergence of novel heterostructures, combined with innovative tuning knobs and advanced nonlinear optical techniques, we anticipate deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms and more associated applications in this rapidly evolving field.

二维 (2D) 材料表现出异常强的非线性光学响应，这得益于其维度降低、相位匹配要求宽松以及光与物质相互作用增强。通过将二维层堆叠在一起来调节物理特性的自由度增加，二维异质结构的非线性光学变得越来越令人着迷。从这个角度来看，我们简要概述了二维异质结构非线性光学领域的最新进展，特别关注其在表征和调制方面的卓越能力。鉴于最新的进展和新型异质结构的出现，结合创新的调谐旋钮和先进的非线性光学技术，我们预计对这个快速发展的领域的基本机制和更多相关应用有更深入的了解。