In the United States, an estimated 4.2 million young people experience homelessness during critical stages in their development—adolescence and emerging adulthood. While research on youth homelessness often emphasizes risk and vulnerability, the field must situate these issues within the developmental trajectories of adolescence and emerging adulthood to effectively prevent and end youth homelessness. This review uses the Risk Amplification and Abatement Model (RAAM) as a conceptual framework for contextualizing the landscape of youth homelessness research in the United States since 2010. An extension of ecological models of risk-taking, RAAM emphasizes both risk and resilience, positing that negative as well as positive socialization processes across interactions with family, peers, social services, and formal institutions affect key housing, health, and behavioral outcomes for youth experiencing homelessness. This review applies RAAM to our understanding of the causes and consequences of youth homelessness, recent interventions, and recommendations for future directions.

中文翻译：

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了解年轻人的无家可归情况以改善结果


在美国，估计有 420 万年轻人在其发展的关键阶段（青春期和即将成年）无家可归。虽然对青年无家可归的研究通常强调风险和脆弱性，但该领域必须将这些问题置于青春期和即将成年的发展轨迹中，以有效预防和结束青年无家可归。本综述使用风险放大和减弱模型 （RAAM） 作为概念框架，将 2010 年以来美国青年无家可归研究的前景置于背景中。作为冒险生态模型的延伸，RAAM 强调风险和复原力，认为与家庭、同龄人、社会服务和正式机构互动中的消极和积极社会化过程会影响无家可归青年的关键住房、健康和行为结果。本综述将 RAAM 应用于我们对青年无家可归的原因和后果、最近的干预措施和对未来方向的建议的理解。