锂金属电池锂枝晶生长机理及解决方案,Materials Chemistry Frontiers

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锂金属电池锂枝晶生长机理及解决方案
Materials Chemistry Frontiers ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d3qm01151h
Yafei Huang ₁ , Haotian Yang ₁ , Yan Gao ₁ , Guorong Chen ₁ , Yan Li ₂ , Liyi Shi ₁ , Dengsong Zhang ₁

Affiliation

锂金属因其超高的理论比容量（3862 mA hg ^-1）、极低的氧化还原电位和低密度而传统上被认为是高能量密度电池的理想负极材料。开发锂金属电极对于发展固态电池具有重要意义。然而，锂金属电池循环过程中锂枝晶生长引起的安全问题严重阻碍了其商业应用。已经报道了许多关于如何抑制锂枝晶生长和构建安全锂金属电池的工作。本综述重点关注锂金属电池（LMB）的内部环境，主要讨论锂枝晶生长的五种可能机制以及抑制锂枝晶的三种重要策略。揭示了电解质成分、电流密度、金属价态和电场等因素对锂枝晶形成的影响。锂金属负极开发的重要考虑因素包括适当的电解质成分、电极界面、SEI、隔膜、电极制造策略和实际设备工程，并提出了未来发展的建议。该工作将为锂金属电池的合理设计提供参考。

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Mechanism and solutions of lithium dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal has traditionally been regarded as an ideal anode material for high energy density batteries owing to its ultra-high theoretical specific capacity (3862 mA h g⁻¹), extremely low redox potential and low density. Developing lithium metal electrodes is of great significance for developing solid-state batteries. However, the safety issues caused by lithium dendrite growth during the cycling process of lithium metal batteries seriously hinder their commercial applications. Numerous works on how to suppress lithium dendrite growth and construct safe lithium metal batteries have been reported. This review focuses on the internal environment of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) and mainly discusses five possible mechanisms for lithium dendrite growth and three important strategies to suppress lithium dendrites. The effects of factors such as electrolyte composition, current density, metal valence states, and electric fields on the formation of lithium dendrites are revealed. Significant considerations for lithium metal anode development including appropriate electrolyte components, electrode interfaces, SEIs, separators, electrode fabrication strategies, and practical device engineering, and suggestions for future development are proposed. This work will provide a reference for the rational design of lithium metal batteries.

更新日期：2023-12-16

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