Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification, also known as PEGylation, has been extensively used to improve the stability of nanoparticles for nanomedical applications. However, PEG exhibits antigenicity in some formulations, motivating researchers to explore alternative polymers. Herein, poly(vinyl ether) (PVE) derivatives are highlighted as promising alternatives to PEG because they form intermediate water molecules that suppress non-specific protein adsorption and platelet adhesion to the material surface. We prepared a water-soluble PVE derivative, poly(2-methoxyethyl vinyl ether) (PMOVE), and utilized it as a surface modifier for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as model nanoparticles. PMOVE with a thiol terminus was synthesized and confirmed to form an intermediate water molecule using differential scanning calorimetry. Similar to the synthesis of PEGylated AuNPs (PEG-AuNPs), PMOVE-modified AuNPs (PMOVE-AuNPs) were successfully fabricated with an appreciably high density of PMOVE palisades via a thiol-gold coordination reaction. Similar to PEG-AuNPs, PMOVE-AuNPs showed reduced serum protein adsorption and prolonged blood circulation. Additionally, no significant cytotoxicity was observed after incubation of a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, with PMOVE-AuNPs. Our results indicate that the PMOVE modification increases the stealthiness of nanoparticles that is equivalent to that achieved by PEGylation.

中文翻译：

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开发涂有聚（2-甲氧基乙基乙烯基醚）的隐形纳米粒子作为聚（乙二醇）的替代品

聚乙二醇（PEG）修饰，也称为聚乙二醇化，已被广泛用于提高纳米医学应用中纳米颗粒的稳定性。然而，PEG 在某些配方中表现出抗原性，这促使研究人员探索替代聚合物。在此，聚（乙烯基醚）（PVE）衍生物被认为是 PEG 的有前途的替代品，因为它们形成中间水分子，抑制非特异性蛋白质吸附和血小板粘附到材料表面。我们制备了水溶性 PVE 衍生物聚（2-甲氧基乙基乙烯基醚）（PMOVE），并将其用作金纳米颗粒（AuNP）模型纳米颗粒的表面改性剂。合成了具有硫醇末端的PMOVE，并使用差示扫描量热法证实其形成中间水分子。与聚乙二醇化金纳米粒子 (PEG-AuNPs) 的合成类似，通过硫醇-金配位反应成功制备了具有相当高密度的 PMOVE 栅栏的 PMOVE 修饰金纳米粒子 (PMOVE-AuNPs)。与 PEG-AuNPs 类似，PMOVE-AuNPs 显示出减少血清蛋白吸附和延长血液循环的能力。此外，将小鼠巨噬细胞系 RAW264.7 与 PMOVE-AuNP 一起孵育后，未观察到明显的细胞毒性。我们的结果表明，PMOVE 修饰提高了纳米颗粒的隐蔽性，这与通过聚乙二醇化实现的效果相当。