Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common bleeding disorder in children. First-line medicines (glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin) may not be effective for some children, endangering their lives, posing challenges for healthcare facilities, and leading to an unfavorable prognosis. As a sialidase inhibitor, oseltamivir phosphate can reduce the destruction of platelets in liver macrophages by inhibiting the sialylation of platelets, and finally achieve the purpose of increasing platelet count. In this paper, three cases of children with ITP who failed first-line therapy and were cured by oral administration of oseltamivir phosphate granules were reported. The mechanism of action of oseltamivir phosphate granules was clarified.

免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）是儿童常见的出血性疾病。一线药物（糖皮质激素和免疫球蛋白）可能对某些儿童无效，危及他们的生命，给医疗机构带来挑战，并导致不良预后。磷酸奥司他韦作为唾液酸酶抑制剂，可以通过抑制血小板的唾液酸化，减少肝巨噬细胞对血小板的破坏，最终达到增加血小板计数的目的。本文报道3例一线治疗失败经口服磷酸奥司他韦颗粒治愈的ITP患儿。阐明了磷酸奥司他韦颗粒的作用机制。