<br>新热带慈鲷鱼自发性腹鳍缺失的形态学描述,Journal of Morphology

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新热带慈鲷鱼自发性腹鳍缺失的形态学描述
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21663
Nicolás Roberto Ehemann ₁ , Axel Meyer ₁ , Christopher Darrin Hulsey ₂

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腹鳍是脊椎动物 Bauplan 的特征结构。然而，腹鳍损失在各种各样的其他四足动物谱系中反复发生，在硬骨鱼中至少发生 48 次。这种盆鳍无鳍疾病通常与其他形态特征有关，例如身体伸长、额外结构的丧失和双侧不对称。然而，尽管数千种慈鳷鱼类具有显着的多样性，但它们都没有完全没有腹鳍的特点。在这里，我们检查了在实验室中自发失去腹鳍的 Midas 慈鳔（Amphilophus cf. citrinellus）的肌肉骨骼结构和相关的双侧不对称性。由于骨盆带和鳍的这种明显的突变丢失，外部和内部解剖结构在一系列“正常”迈达斯个体及其骨盆无鳍兄弟姐妹坦克伙伴中被描述。首先，回顾了与硬骨腹鳍损失相关的其他性状、腹鳍损失的遗传基础以及这些基因对硬骨其他性状的多效性影响的可能性。以这些性状为指导，我们研究了其他形态差异是否与骨盆带/鳍损失有关。两种腹鳍形态型之间的胸鳍肌肉质量、未配对鳍中的鳍条数量和口腔颌齿数的平均值没有差异。然而，在形态型之间观察到身体同一侧评估的配对性状的分生值存在显着差异。值得注意的是，仅在后侧线鳞片中发现了双侧不对称性。最后，我们发现了多效性效应的有限证据，例如侧线鳞片数量和 Midas 腹鳍形态型之间的波动不对称性。Midas 慈鳔的快速和相对孤立的变化表明，慈鲷腹鳍的丧失可能伴随着微小但有趣的多效性效应。

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Morphological description of spontaneous pelvic fin loss in a neotropical cichlid fish

Pelvic fins are a characteristic structure of the vertebrate Bauplan. Yet, pelvic fin loss has occurred repeatedly across a wide diversity of other lineages of tetrapods and at least 48 times in teleost fishes. This pelvic finless condition is often associated with other morphological features such as body elongation, loss of additional structures, and bilateral asymmetry. However, despite the remarkable diversity in the several thousand cichlid fish species, none of them are characterized by the complete absence of pelvic fins. Here, we examined the musculoskeletal structure and associated bilateral asymmetry in Midas cichlids (Amphilophus cf. citrinellus) that lost their pelvic fins spontaneously in the laboratory. Due to this apparent mutational loss of the pelvic girdle and fins, the external and internal anatomy are described in a series of “normal” Midas individuals and their pelvic finless sibling tankmates. First, other traits associated with teleost pelvic fin loss, the genetic basis of pelvic fin loss, and the potential for pleiotropic effects of these genes on other traits in teleosts were all reviewed. Using these traits as a guide, we investigated whether other morphological differences were associated with the pelvic girdle/fin loss. The mean values of the masses of muscle of the pectoral fin, fin ray numbers in the unpaired fins, and oral jaw tooth numbers did not differ between the two pelvic fin morphotypes. However, significant differences in meristic values of the paired traits assessed were observed for the same side of the body between morphotypes. Notably, bilateral asymmetry was found exclusively for the posterior lateral line scales. Finally, we found limited evidence of pleiotropic effects, such as lateral line scale numbers and fluctuating asymmetry between the Midas pelvic fin morphotypes. The fast and relatively isolated changes in the Midas cichlids suggest minor but interesting pleiotropic effects could accompany loss of cichlid pelvic fins.

更新日期：2023-12-14

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