Plant proteins have become attractive for biomedical applications such as wound dressing and drug delivery. In this research, nanofibers from pristine zein (plant protein) and zein loaded with tungsten oxide (WO₃) were prepared (WO₃@zein) using less toxic solvents (ethanol and acetic acid). Morphological and biological properties of the zein nanofiber were determined. Prepared nanofibers were defined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy. The average fiber diameter was unchanged with an increase in WO₃ concentration from 0.001 to 0.008%. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-RD indicated the presence of WO₃ in WO₃@zein nanofibers. In comparison to WO₃-free, WO₃@zein nanofibers showed higher safety and preserved the anticancer effect of WO₃ against human melanoma cell line (A375) melanoma cells compared to WO₃-free. Moreover, both WO₃-free and WO₃@zein caused a fourfold increase in the cellular proliferation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated A375 cells compared to untreated cells. ROS elevation led to apoptosis-dependent cell death of A375 cells as evidenced by up-regulating the expression of p53-downstream genes (p21 and Bax) (tumor-suppressor gene) while down-regulating the expression of key oncogenes (BCL2 and cyclin D). In conclusion, the prepared nanofiber represents a promising and safe candidate for anticancer applications.

植物蛋白对于伤口敷料和药物输送等生物医学应用已变得有吸引力。在这项研究中，使用毒性较小的溶剂（乙醇和乙酸）制备了来自原始玉米醇溶蛋白（植物蛋白）和负载氧化钨（WO ₃ ）的玉米醇溶蛋白（WO ₃ @zein）的纳米纤维。测定了玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维的形态和生物学特性。通过热重分析 (TGA)、X 射线衍射 (X-RD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 和扫描电子显微镜对制备的纳米纤维进行了定义。随着WO ₃浓度从0.001%增加到0.008%，平均纤维直径没有变化。 FT-IR光谱和X-RD表明WO ₃ @玉米醇溶蛋白纳米纤维中存在WO ₃ 。与不含WO ₃的相比，WO ₃ @zein纳米纤维表现出更高的安全性，并且与不含WO ₃的WO 3 相比，保留了WO ₃针对人黑色素瘤细胞系(A375)黑色素瘤细胞的抗癌作用。此外，与未处理的细胞相比，无WO ₃和WO ₃ @zein均导致处理的A375细胞中活性氧(ROS)的细胞增殖增加四倍。 ROS 升高导致 A375 细胞凋亡依赖性细胞死亡，具体表现为上调 p53 下游基因（p21 和 Bax）（肿瘤抑制基因）的表达，同时下调关键癌基因（BCL2 和细胞周期蛋白 D）的表达）。总之，所制备的纳米纤维代表了一种有前景且安全的抗癌应用候选者。