Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have been widely studied in efficient wastewater treatment for achieving high degradation efficiency of pollutants even at the expense of high electric energy consumption and carbon emissions. This development is inconsistent with the initiative of carbon neutrality. Despite the growing numbers of published papers on EAOPs, there is still a lack of guidelines regarding carbon neutral wastewater treatment, thus hampering efforts to achieve sustainable development of EAOPs and attain carbon neutrality. This review systematically summarized recent advances of EAOPs and the potential strategies for developing carbon neutral wastewater treatment. The mechanisms, performance, and defects of recent developed EAOPs via improving electrodes, catalysts and processes were discussed systematically. The effective strategies including energy conservation, material savings, carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and mineralization mitigation were presented in detail. To conserve energy, the review also investigated the power supply capacity, degradation efficiency and costs in transforming renewable energy into electric energy for EAOPs operation. The wind turbines and photovoltaic cells (PVCs) could performe better than fuel cells and triboelectricity nanogenerators (TENGs). Furthermore, the review explored the carbon offset potential of EAOPs by combining with CO2RR. The carbon offset factor ranged from <1% to ∼88%. In addition, specific strategies and challenges in developing carbon neutral EAOPs were summarized and discussed. This review was expected to constitute a baseline for the development of EAOPs towards carbon neutral wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

---

碳中性废水处理的电化学高级氧化工艺：综述


电化学高级氧化工艺（EAOP）在高效废水处理中已被广泛研究，即使以高电能消耗和碳排放为代价，也能实现污染物的高降解效率。这种发展与碳中和的倡议不符。尽管有关EAOPs的论文数量不断增加，但仍然缺乏碳中和废水处理指南，从而阻碍了EAOPs可持续发展和实现碳中和的努力。本文系统总结了 EAOP 的最新进展以及开发碳中性废水处理的潜在策略。通过改进电极、催化剂和工艺，系统地讨论了最近开发的 EAOP 的机理、性能和缺陷。详细介绍了节能、节材、二氧化碳还原反应（CO2RR）和矿化减缓等有效策略。为了节约能源，审查还调查了 EAOP 运行的供电能力、降解效率和将可再生能源转化为电能的成本。风力涡轮机和光伏电池（PVC）的性能比燃料电池和摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）更好。此外，该综述还结合 CO2RR 探讨了 EAOP 的碳抵消潜力。碳补偿系数范围从<1%到~88%。此外，还总结和讨论了发展碳中和EAOP的具体策略和挑战。此次审查预计将为碳中和废水处理 EAOP 的开发奠定基础。