Breast cancer detection at an early stage significantly increases the chances of successful treatment and survival. This study presents an electrochemical biosensor for detecting breast cancer cells, utilizing silver nanoclusters encapsulated by hemoglobin and Cu (II)-porphyrin-metal organic framework (BioMOF) in a graphene-incorporated nanohybrid probe. This Hb-AgNCs@MOF-G probe demonstrates high electrochemical activity, superior dispersity, porosity, and a large surface area for effective functionalization. Using a green ultrasonic-assisted stirring method, we fabricate ultra-small 5 nm particles that readily immobilize on a glassy carbon electrode, generating a detection signal when interacting with ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox probes. The resulting immunosensor detects as few as 2 cells/mL using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) “signal on” and 16 cells/mL via Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) “signal off”, within a broad range of cell concentrations (10²–5 × 10⁴ cells/mL). Our designed sensor shows improved selectivity (5- to 16-fold) and robust detection in human blood with a recovery efficiency between 94.8–106% (EIS method) and 95.4–111% (SWV method). This sensor could streamline early cancer diagnosis and monitor patient treatment without requiring labelling or signal amplification. As a pioneering endeavor, we've utilized integrated porous MOFs with Hb-encapsulated silver nanoclusters in cancer detection, where these components collectively enhance the overall functionality.

早期发现乳腺癌可显着增加成功治疗和生存的机会。这项研究提出了一种用于检测乳腺癌细胞的电化学生物传感器，利用血红蛋白和铜（II）-卟啉-金属有机框架（BioMOF）封装在石墨烯纳米混合探针中的银纳米簇。这种 Hb-AgNCs@MOF-G 探针表现出高电化学活性、优异的分散性、孔隙率和大表面积，可实现有效的功能化。使用绿色超声波辅助搅拌方法，我们制造了超小的 5 nm 颗粒，这些颗粒很容易固定在玻碳电极上，在与铁氰化物/亚铁氰化物氧化还原探针相互作用时产生检测信号。由此产生的免疫传感器在广泛的细胞浓度范围内（10 ² – 5×10 ⁴细胞/mL)。我们设计的传感器在人体血液中显示出更高的选择性（5 至 16 倍）和稳健的检测，回收率在 94.8–106%（EIS 方法）和 95.4–111%（SWV 方法）之间。该传感器可以简化早期癌症诊断并监测患者治疗，无需标记或信号放大。作为一项开创性的努力，我们在癌症检测中利用了集成多孔 MOF 和 Hb 封装的银纳米簇，这些组件共同增强了整体功能。