<br>硝基胍降解微生物的分离和表征,Science of the Total Environment

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硝基胍降解微生物的分离和表征
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169184
Jinha Kim ₁ , Mark E Fuller ₂ , Paul B Hatzinger ₂ , Kung-Hui Chu ₁

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硝基胍 (NQ) 是新开发的不敏感弹药 (IM) 配方的组成部分，与传统炸药相比，它更能抵抗冲击、摩擦、热量或火花。 NQ 还用于合成各种有机化合物和除草剂，对人类和环境健康都有影响。尽管应用广泛并存在相关的健康问题，但有关 NQ 生物降解的信息有限，并且仅对一种被鉴定为 Variovorax 菌株 VC1 的 NQ 降解纯培养物进行了表征。在这里，我们展示了分别从土壤、沉积物和实验室规模的好氧膜生物反应器 (MBR) 中分离出的三种新的 NQ 降解细菌菌株的结果。这些菌株均利用 NQ 作为氮 (N) 源，而不是碳源或能源。 MBR 菌株被鉴定为极端假单胞菌菌株 NQ5，在以葡萄糖作为唯一碳源和 NQ 作为唯一氮源的需氧条件下，能够以约 150 μmole L−1 h−1 的速率降解 NQ。在以 NQ 作为唯一氮源的活跃生长过程中，向菌株 NQ5 添加 NH4+ 可以减慢生长速率几个小时，并且该菌株可能从 NQ 释放 NH4+。当在类似条件下添加 NO3− 作为替代氮源时，NO3− 没有被消耗，但再次观察到 NH4+ 释放到培养基中。菌株 NQ5 还能够利用脒基脲、胍和脲基甲酸乙酯作为氮源，并且 - 耐受高达 4% 的盐浓度（以 NaCl 计）。另外两种菌株 NQ4 和 NQ7，均被鉴定为节杆菌属，在相似的培养条件下，其生长速度明显慢于菌株 NQ5，并且仅耐受约 1% 的 NaCl。此外，菌株NQ4和菌株NQ7均不能降解胍脲或脲基甲酸乙酯，但均降解胍。这些菌株，特别是菌株 NQ5，可能具有原位和异位 NQ 生物修复的实际应用。

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Isolation and characterization of nitroguanidine-degrading microorganisms

Nitroguanidine (NQ) is a component of newly developed insensitive munition (IM) formulations which are more resistant to impact, friction, heat, or sparks than conventional explosives. NQ is also used to synthesize various organic compounds and herbicides, and has both human and environmental health impacts. Despite the wide application and associated health concerns, limited information is known regarding NQ biodegradation, and only one NQ-degrading pure culture identified as Variovorax strain VC1 has been characterized. Here, we present results for three new NQ-degrading bacterial strains isolated from soil, sediment, and a lab-scale aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR), respectively. Each of these strains -utilizes NQ as a nitrogen (N) source rather than as a source of carbon or energy. The MBR strain, identified as Pseudomonas extremaustralis strain NQ5, is capable of degrading NQ at a rate of approximately 150 μmole L−1 h−1 under aerobic conditions with glucose as a sole carbon source - and NQ as a sole N source. The addition of NH4+ to strain NQ5 during active growth with NQ as a sole N source slowed the growth rate for several hours, and the strain released NH4+, presumably from NQ. When NO3− was added as an alternate N source under similar conditions, the NO3− was not consumed, but NH4+ release into the culture medium was again observed. Strain NQ5 was also able to utilize guanylurea, guanidine, and ethyl allophanate as N sources, and - tolerate salt concentrations as high as 4 % (as NaCl). The other two stains, NQ4 and NQ7, both identified as Arthrobacter spp., grew significantly slower than strain NQ5 under similar culture conditions and tolerated only ∼1 % NaCl. In addition, neither strain NQ4 nor strain NQ7 was able to degrade guanlyurea or ethyl allophanate, but each degraded guanidine. These strains, particularly strain NQ5, may have practical applications for in-situ and ex-situ NQ bioremediation.

更新日期：2023-12-11

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