Camtrap DP: an open standard for the FAIR exchange and archiving of camera trap data,Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation

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Camtrap DP: an open standard for the FAIR exchange and archiving of camera trap data
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-09 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.374
Jakub W. Bubnicki _{1,

2} , Ben Norton ₃ , Steven J. Baskauf ₄ , Tom Bruce ₅ , Francesca Cagnacci _{6,

7} , Jim Casaer ₈ , Marcin Churski _{1,

2} , Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt ₉ , Simone Dal Farra ₆ , Christian Fiderer _{10,

11} , Tavis D. Forrester ₁₂ , Heidi Hendry ₁₃ , Marco Heurich _{10,

11,

14} , Tim R. Hofmeester ₉ , Patrick A. Jansen ₁₅ , Roland Kays _{3,

16} , Dries P. J. Kuijper ₁ , Yorick Liefting ₁₅ , John D. C. Linnell _{17,

18} , Matthew S. Luskin ₅ , Christopher Mann ₁₃ , Tanja Milotic ₈ , Peggy Newman ₁₉ , Jürgen Niedballa ₂₀ , Damiano Oldoni ₈ , Federico Ossi ₆ , Tim Robertson ₂₁ , Francesco Rovero ₂₂ , Marcus Rowcliffe ₂₃ , Lorenzo Seidenari ₂₄ , Izabela Stachowicz _{25,

26} , Dan Stowell _{27,

28} , Mathias W. Tobler ₂₉ , John Wieczorek ₃₀ , Fridolin Zimmermann _{31,

32} , Peter Desmet ₈

Affiliation

Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
Open Science Conservation Fund Białowieża Poland
North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh North Carolina USA
Jean & Alexander Heard Libraries Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige Italy
National Biodiversity Future Centre Palermo Italy
Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
Wildlife Ecology and Management Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
Bavarian Forest National Park, National Park Monitoring Grafenau Germany
Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service Missoula Montana USA
Camelot Project Sydney New South Wales Australia
Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Evenstad Norway
Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources NC State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Lillehammer Norway
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Evenstad Norway
Atlas of Living Australia Melbourne Australia
Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Secretariat Copenhagen Denmark
Department of Biology University of Florence Florence Italy
Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
Department of Information Engineering University of Florence Florence Italy
Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology University of Lodz Łódź Poland
Centro Ecologia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Miranda Venezuela
Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence Tilburg University Tilburg the Netherlands
Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden the Netherlands
San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Escondido California USA
University of California Berkeley California USA
KORA – Carnivore Ecology and Wildlife Management Ittigen Switzerland
University of Lausanne Department of Ecology and Evolution Lausanne Switzerland

Camera trapping has revolutionized wildlife ecology and conservation by providing automated data acquisition, leading to the accumulation of massive amounts of camera trap data worldwide. Although management and processing of camera trap-derived Big Data are becoming increasingly solvable with the help of scalable cyber-infrastructures, harmonization and exchange of the data remain limited, hindering its full potential. There is currently no widely accepted standard for exchanging camera trap data. The only existing proposal, “Camera Trap Metadata Standard” (CTMS), has several technical shortcomings and limited adoption. We present a new data exchange format, the Camera Trap Data Package (Camtrap DP), designed to allow users to easily exchange, harmonize and archive camera trap data at local to global scales. Camtrap DP structures camera trap data in a simple yet flexible data model consisting of three tables (Deployments, Media and Observations) that supports a wide range of camera deployment designs, classification techniques (e.g., human and AI, media-based and event-based) and analytical use cases, from compiling species occurrence data through distribution, occupancy and activity modeling to density estimation. The format further achieves interoperability by building upon existing standards, Frictionless Data Package in particular, which is supported by a suite of open software tools to read and validate data. Camtrap DP is the consensus of a long, in-depth, consultation and outreach process with standard and software developers, the main existing camera trap data management platforms, major players in the field of camera trapping and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Under the umbrella of the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), Camtrap DP has been developed openly, collaboratively and with version control from the start. We encourage camera trapping users and developers to join the discussion and contribute to the further development and adoption of this standard.

中文翻译：

Camtrap DP：相机陷阱数据公平交换和归档的开放标准

相机陷阱通过提供自动数据采集彻底改变了野生动物生态和保护，导致全球范围内积累了大量相机陷阱数据。尽管在可扩展的网络基础设施的帮助下，相机陷阱衍生的大数据的管理和处理变得越来越容易解决，但数据的协调和交换仍然有限，阻碍了其充分发挥潜力。目前还没有广泛接受的标准来交换相机陷阱数据。现有的唯一提案“相机陷阱元数据标准”（CTMS）存在一些技术缺陷且采用有限。我们提出了一种新的数据交换格式，即相机陷阱数据包 (Camtrap DP)，旨在让用户能够在本地到全球范围内轻松交换、协调和存档相机陷阱数据。Camtrap DP 在一个简单而灵活的数据模型中构建相机陷阱数据，该数据模型由三个表（部署、媒体和观察）组成，支持广泛的相机部署设计、分类技术（例如，人类和人工智能、基于媒体和基于事件））和分析用例，从通过分布、占用和活动建模编制物种出现数据到密度估计。该格式通过构建现有标准（特别是无摩擦数据包）进一步实现了互操作性，该标准由一套用于读取和验证数据的开放软件工具支持。Camtrap DP 是与标准和软件开发商、现有的主要相机陷阱数据管理平台、相机陷阱领域的主要参与者以及全球生物多样性信息设施 (GBIF) 进行长期、深入的协商和推广过程达成的共识。在生物多样性信息标准 (TDWG) 的保护下，Camtrap DP 从一开始就以开放、协作和版本控制的方式开发。我们鼓励相机陷阱用户和开发人员加入讨论，并为该标准的进一步开发和采用做出贡献。

更新日期：2023-12-10

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