Realization of single-mode, high-power and high-beam-quality (namely, high-brightness) semiconductor lasers, which can rival or even replace bulky lasers such as gas, solid, and fiber lasers, is one of the ultimate goals of laser physics and photonics. The demand for such ultimate single-mode high-brightness semiconductor lasers is increasing for a wide variety of emerging applications including next-generation remote sensing for smart mobility and high-precision laser processing for smart manufacturing. Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) show promise to meet these demands, based on their broad-area coherent two-dimensional (2D) resonance at a singularity (Γ) point of their 2D photonic band structure. In this tutorial paper, the lasing principle, theoretical analysis, and experimental demonstration of PCSELs are described. Recent progress in PCSEL development, including the formulation of a design guideline for realizing 100-W-to-kW-class single-mode operation, the experimental demonstration of a brightness of 1 GW cm^–2 sr^–1, and an extension of the lasing wavelengths to telecommunication and mid-infrared wavelengths are also covered.

中文翻译：

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高功率和高光束质量光子晶体表面发射激光器：教程

实现单模、高功率、高光束质量（即高亮度）半导体激光器，可以与气体、固体、光纤激光器等大型激光器相媲美甚至替代。激光物理和光子学的最终目标。各种新兴应用对这种终极单模高亮度半导体激光器的需求正在不断增加，包括用于智能移动的下一代遥感和用于智能制造的高精度激光加工。光子晶体表面发射激光器 (PCSEL) 有望满足这些需求，因为它们在 2D 光子能带结构的奇点 (Γ) 处具有大面积相干二维 (2D) 谐振。在本教程论文中，描述了 PCSEL 的激光原理、理论分析和实验演示。 PCSEL研发最新进展，包括制定实现100W至kW级单模工作的设计指南、实现1 GW cm亮度的实验演示^–2 sr^–1，并且还涵盖了激光波长向电信和中红外波长的扩展。< /span>