Microplastics (MPs, less than 5 mm in size) are widely distributed in surroundings in various forms and ways, and threaten ecosystems security and human health. Its environmental behavior as pollutants carrier and the after-effects exposed to MPs has been extensively exploited; whereas, current knowledge on technologies for the separation and degradation of MPs is relatively limited. It is essential to isolate MPs from surroundings and/or degrade to safe levels. This in-depth review details the origin and distribution of MPs. Provides a comprehensive summary of currently available MPs separation and degradation technologies, and discusses the mechanisms, challenges, and application prospects of these technologies. Comparison of the contribution of various separation methods to the separation of NPs and MPs. Furthermore, the latest research trends and direction in bio-degradation technology are outlooked.

微塑料（MP，尺寸小于5毫米）以各种形式和方式广泛分布在环境中，威胁着生态系统安全和人类健康。其作为污染物载体的环境行为及其对MP的后遗症已被广泛开发；然而，目前关于 MP 分离和降解技术的知识相对有限。必须将 MP 与周围环境隔离和/或将其降级至安全水平。这篇深入的评论详细介绍了议员的起源和分布。全面总结了目前可用的MPs分离和降解技术，并讨论了这些技术的机制、挑战和应用前景。比较各种分离方法对 NP 和 MP 分离的贡献。并对生物降解技术的最新研究动态和方向进行了展望。