Graphitic carbons derived from coconut waste have emerged as interesting candidates for sustainable lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. As the demand for high-capacity LIBs, there is a pressing need for graphitic carbon structures that can deliver good performance. However, obtaining good graphitic carbon performance from coconut waste-based material through efficient carbon conversion technology remains a challenge. Hence, we demonstrate that Ni–KOH plays a significant role in the single-pot graphitization process, which effectively generates porous graphitic carbon (PGC) structures. This Ni–KOH single-pot technique reduces the initial formation temperature of graphitic nanostructure from 1200 °C to 800 °C and simultaneously increases the graphitization degree of the carbon product. The resulting sample at 1000 °C (1000-ANi-KOH) exhibits a remarkable reversible capacity of 451.83 mAh/g at 0.05 C when used as LIB anodes. The synergistic effect of a high-order graphitic structure (1.66 IG/ID ratio) and a high BET surface area (599.414 m²/g) contributes to this excellent performance. By providing additional active sites for Li⁺ adsorption and storage, the porous structure supports high-capacity performance. Finally, these findings point to a realistic strategy for converting Indonesian coconut coir waste into a sustainable carbon source for energy storage materials.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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采用 Ni-KOH 单锅石墨化工艺开发的椰壳生物炭多孔石墨碳，用于锂离子电池负极

从椰子废料中提取的石墨碳已成为可持续锂离子电池（LIB）阳极的有趣候选者。随着对高容量锂离子电池的需求，迫切需要能够提供良好性能的石墨碳结构。然而，通过高效的碳转化技术从椰子废料基材料中获得良好的石墨碳性能仍然是一个挑战。因此，我们证明 Ni-KOH 在单锅石墨化过程中发挥着重要作用，可有效生成多孔石墨碳（PGC）结构。这种Ni-KOH单锅技术将石墨纳米结构的初始形成温度从1200℃降低至800℃，同时提高了碳产品的石墨化程度。所得样品在 1000 °C (1000-ANi-KOH) 下用作 LIB 负极时，在 0.05 C 下表现出 451.83 mAh/g 的显着可逆容量。高级石墨结构（1.66 IG/ID 比）和高 BET 表面积（599.414 m ² /g）的协同效应促成了这种优异的性能。通过为Li ⁺吸附和存储提供额外的活性位点，多孔结构支持高容量性能。最后，这些发现指出了将印度尼西亚椰壳纤维废物转化为储能材料的可持续碳源的现实策略。

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