Cancer cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting and widespread inflammation, poses a significant challenge for patients with cancer, profoundly impacting both their quality of life and treatment management. However, existing treatment modalities remain very limited, accentuating the necessity for innovative therapeutic interventions. Many recent studies demonstrated that changes in autonomic balance is a key driver of cancer cachexia. This review consolidates research findings from investigations into autonomic dysfunction across cancer cachexia, spanning animal models and patient cohorts. Moreover, we explore therapeutic strategies involving adrenergic receptor modulation through receptor blockers and agonists. Mechanisms underlying adrenergic hyperactivity in cardiac and adipose tissues, influencing tissue remodeling, are also examined. Looking ahead, we present a perspective for future research that delves into autonomic dysregulation in cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review highlights the urgency of advancing research to unveil innovative avenues for combatting cancer cachexia and improving patient well-being.

以肌肉萎缩和广泛炎症为特征的癌症恶病质给癌症患者带来了重大挑战，深刻影响了他们的生活质量和治疗管理。然而，现有的治疗方式仍然非常有限，这凸显了创新治疗干预措施的必要性。最近的许多研究表明，自主平衡的变化是癌症恶病质的关键驱动因素。这篇综述整合了针对癌症恶病质、动物模型和患者群体的自主神经功能障碍的调查结果。此外，我们探索涉及通过受体阻滞剂和激动剂调节肾上腺素能受体的治疗策略。还检查了心脏和脂肪组织中肾上腺素能亢进影响组织重塑的机制。展望未来，我们提出了未来研究的前景，深入研究癌症恶病质中的自主神经失调。这项全面的综述强调了推进研究的紧迫性，以揭示对抗癌症恶病质和改善患者福祉的创新途径。