用于安全、长寿命钠金属电池的溴化物不易燃电解质,Energy & Environmental Science

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用于安全、长寿命钠金属电池的溴化物不易燃电解质
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 , DOI: 10.1039/d3ee03332e
Changjian Zuo ₁ , Dejian Dong ₁ , Huwei Wang ₁ , Yue Sun ₁ , Yi-Chun Lu ₁

Affiliation

由于钠含量丰富且重量容量高，钠金属电池（SMB）是最有前途的储能技术之一。然而，活性钠金属和高度易燃的电解质阻碍了中小企业的安全应用，导致枝晶生长、冒气和火灾问题。在此，我们报告了一种用于钠金属电池的新型溴化物不可燃电解质，使用阻燃 2-溴-1-(2-溴乙氧基)乙烷 (BBE) 溶剂。由于自由基清除剂离解的能垒较低，该溶剂不仅比典型的 P、Cl、F 基不可燃溶剂具有更高的阻燃性，而且还衍生出含有高离子电导率的 NaBr 的固体电解质界面（SEI），以抑制枝晶和放气问题。基于BBE的电解质将Na ₃ V ₂ (PO ₄ ) ₃ //Na电池的循环寿命（80%容量保持率）从传统电解质中的60次循环延长至1500次循环，并在Na中产生1400小时的稳定循环寿命//Na 对称细胞。我们进一步证明了钠金属软包电池在 1C 下循环 264 次后容量保持率为 97.9%。这项工作为提高电解质阻燃性和构建稳定的SEI以实现安全和长寿命的钠金属电池应用提供了合理的设计策略。

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Bromide-based nonflammable electrolyte for safe and long-life sodium metal batteries

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) are one of the most promising energy storage technologies owing to the rich abundance of sodium and its high gravimetric capacity. However, safe applications of SMBs are hindered by reactive sodium metal and the highly flammable electrolyte, which leads to dendritic growth, gassing and fire issues. Here we report a new class of bromide-based nonflammable electrolytes for sodium metal batteries using flame-retardant 2-bromo-1-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (BBE) solvent. This solvent not only has higher fire retardancy than typical P, Cl, F-based nonflammable solvents owing to the lower energy barrier of radical scavenger dissociation, but also derives a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) containing NaBr with a high ionic conductivity to suppress the dendrite and gassing issues. The BBE-based electrolyte prolongs the cycle life (80% capacity retention) of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃//Na cells from 60 cycles in traditional electrolytes to 1500 cycles and produces a stable cycle life of 1400 h in the Na//Na symmetric cells. We further demonstrated a sodium metal pouch cell showing a capacity retention of 97.9% after 264 cycles at 1C. This work provides a rational design strategy for improving electrolyte flame retardancy and constructing a stable SEI for safe and long-life sodium metal battery applications.

更新日期：2023-12-07

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