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A low-cost TICT-based staining agent for identification of microplastics: Theoretical studies and simple, cost-effective smartphone-based fluorescence microscope application
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133168
Jae Jun Lee 1 , Jiyun Kang 2 , Cheal Kim 1
Affiliation  

A novel staining agent, (5-(4-(diethylamino)benzylidene)− 1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1 H,3 H,5 H)-trione) (DDB) was developed for the effective detection of environmentally harmful microplastics. DDB has competitive cost advantages, namely its facile synthesis and high yield, over Nile Red (NR), which is commonly used for microplastic staining. The unique photophysical properties of DDB, including emissive twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE), were corroborated via spectroscopic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, DDB demonstrated superior selectivity for staining microplastics (polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) over non-plastic materials in water. Furthermore, modulation of the solvent environment during the staining process yielded distinct fluorescence in both the green and red channels for specific types of plastic with the interplay between locally excited (LE) and TICT states. Treatment with 5% ethanol results in the selective staining of PE and PET with the emission of red fluorescence, whereas treatment with 30% ethanol facilitates the selective staining of PU, PVC, and PET with the emission of green fluorescence. Additionally, DDB could selectively stain microplastics in spiked soil and river water samples. Furthermore, a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope was developed at a cost below $100, validating the effective detection of microplastics stained with the newly synthesized DDB. The outcomes of this research demonstrate the potential of DDB as an economical and efficient agent for selective microplastic detection.

中文翻译:


用于识别塑料微粒的低成本基于 TICT 的染色剂:理论研究和简单、经济高效的基于智能手机的荧光显微镜应用



开发了一种新型染色剂(5-(4-(二乙氨基)亚苄基)-1,3-二甲基嘧啶-2,4,6(1 H,3 H,5 H)-三酮)(DDB),用于有效检测对环境有害的微塑料。DDB 与通常用于微塑料染色的尼罗红 (NR) 相比,具有竞争优势,即合成简单、产率高。DDB 独特的光物理特性,包括发射扭曲分子内电荷转移 (TICT) 和聚集诱导发射 (AIE),通过光谱研究和密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算得到了证实。值得注意的是,DDB 对微塑料(聚乙烯 (PE)、聚氨酯 (PU)、聚丙烯 (PP)、聚氯乙烯 (PVC)、聚苯乙烯 (PS) 和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET))的染色表现出优于水中非塑料材料的选择性。此外,染色过程中溶剂环境的调节在特定类型塑料的绿色和红色通道中产生不同的荧光,局部激发 (LE) 和 TICT 态之间的相互作用。用 5% 乙醇处理导致 PE 和 PET 的选择性染色,并发出红色荧光,而用 30% 乙醇处理则有利于 PU、PVC 和 PET 的选择性染色,并发出绿色荧光。此外,DDB 可以选择性地对加标土壤和河水样品中的微塑料进行染色。此外,以低于 100 美元的成本开发了一种基于智能手机的荧光显微镜,验证了用新合成的 DDB 染色的微塑料的有效检测。这项研究的结果证明了 DDB 作为选择性微塑料检测的经济高效剂的潜力。
更新日期:2023-12-06
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