We commonly attribute an understanding of language to others including very young infants, and, more controversially, to other animals and computers. Although we adults attribute or "ascribe" understanding to very young children, only in the late preschool years do the children themselves begin to ascribe understanding to themselves and others a competence that comes with learning the meaning of the word "understand." It is argued that ascription of understanding to others allows the creation of shared belief while self-ascription allows one to introspect on one's understanding: to know that one understands, to understand expressions that young children would simply reject as false, and to understand hypotheticals and counterfactuals. This competence applies to both understanding spoken expressions and reading comprehension. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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将理解归于自己和他人。


我们通常将对语言的理解归因于其他人，包括非常小的婴儿，而更具争议的是，其他动物和计算机。虽然我们成年人将理解归因于或“归因于”非常年幼的孩子，但只有在学龄前后期，孩子们自己才开始将理解归因于自己和他人学习“理解”一词含义所带来的能力。有人认为，将理解归于他人可以创造共同的信念，而自我归属允许一个人对自己的理解进行反省：知道自己理解，理解年幼孩子会简单地拒绝为错误的表达，并理解假设和反事实。这种能力适用于理解口语表达和阅读理解。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。