Despite evidence that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) have an intact desire for social relationships, they have small social networks and report high levels of loneliness. Difficulty with reinforcement learning (RL), the ability to update behavior based on feedback, may inhibit the formation and maintenance of social relationships in SZ. However, impaired RL in SZ has largely been demonstrated via monetary tasks. Thus, it remains unclear whether SZ are similarly impaired in social and monetary RL, or whether social-specific factors may further inhibit their ability to learn from social feedback. Thirty-one individuals with SZ and 31 healthy controls (HCs) participated in a RL paradigm to test hypotheses about social versus monetary RL. SZ exhibited impaired RL compared to HCs in both social and monetary tasks. Further, a Group × Task interaction demonstrated that SZ was more impaired when learning from social than monetary reinforcement, F(1, 59) = 5.99, p = .017. This differential deficit to social RL was not accounted for by reported pleasure from social feedback, which did not differ between groups. Instead, SZ had poorer emotion recognition than HCs, t(1, 60) = 4.80, p < .001, particularly for negative emotions, and controlling for this eliminated the differential social RL impairment. These results suggest the possibility that difficulty recognizing social cues, especially those indicating negative feedback, may relate to a reduced ability to learn from others' feedback. Thus, future research could elucidate whether targeting these emotion recognition difficulties in treatment could serve as a potential mechanism for improving social functioning in SZ. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症中社会强化学习与金钱强化学习的差异缺陷：与面部情绪识别的关联。


尽管有证据表明精神分裂症（SZ）患者对社交关系有着完整的渴望，但他们的社交网络很小，并且孤独感很高。强化学习（RL）（基于反馈更新行为的能力）的困难可能会抑制深圳社会关系的形成和维持。然而，深圳的 RL 受损很大程度上是通过货币任务来证明的。因此，目前尚不清楚 SZ 在社交和金钱 RL 方面是否同样受到损害，或者社会特定因素是否可能进一步抑制他们从社会反馈中学习的能力。 31 名患有 SZ 的个体和 31 名健康对照 (HC) 参与了 RL 范式，以测试有关社会 RL 与货币 RL 的假设。与 HC 相比，SZ 在社交和金钱任务方面表现出较差的 RL。此外，组 × 任务交互表明，从社交强化中学习时，SZ 受到的损害比从金钱强化中学习时更严重，F(1, 59) = 5.99，p = .017。这种社交强化学习的差异性缺陷并不能用社交反馈带来的愉悦感来解释，而社交反馈的愉悦感在不同群体之间没有差异。相反，SZ 的情绪识别能力比 HC 差，t(1, 60) = 4.80，p < .001，特别是对于负面情绪，并且对此进行控制消除了差异性社交 RL 损伤。这些结果表明，难以识别社交线索，尤其是那些表明负面反馈的线索，可能与从他人反馈中学习的能力下降有关。因此，未来的研究可以阐明针对这些情绪识别困难的治疗是否可以作为改善深圳社会功能的潜在机制。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。