Urethral conditions affect children and adults, increasing the risk of urinary tract infections, voiding and sexual dysfunction, and renal failure. Current tissue replacements differ from healthy urethral tissues in structural and mechanical characteristics, causing high risk of postoperative complications. 3D bioprinting can overcome these limitations through the creation of complex, layered architectures using materials with location-specific biomechanical properties. This review highlights prior research and describes the potential for these emerging technologies to address ongoing challenges in urethral tissue engineering, including biomechanical and structural mismatch, lack of individualized repair solutions, and inadequate wound healing and vascularization. In the future, the integration of 3D bioprinting technology with advanced biomaterials, computational modeling, and 3D imaging could transform personalized urethral surgical procedures.

中文翻译：

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3D生物打印尿道组织重建的进展

尿道疾病影响儿童和成人，增加尿路感染、排尿和性功能障碍以及肾衰竭的风险。目前的组织替代物在结构和机械特性上与健康尿道组织不同，导致术后并发症的风险很高。 3D 生物打印可以通过使用具有特定位置生物力学特性的材料创建复杂的分层架构来克服这些限制。这篇综述重点介绍了先前的研究，并描述了这些新兴技术解决尿道组织工程中持续挑战的潜力，包括生物力学和结构不匹配、缺乏个性化修复解决方案以及伤口愈合和血管化不足。未来，3D生物打印技术与先进生物材料、计算建模和3D成像的集成可能会改变个性化尿道外科手术。