The self-assembly of low-molecular-weight building motifs into supramolecular polymers has unlocked a new realm of materials with distinct properties and tremendous potential for advancing medical practices. Leveraging the reversible and dynamic nature of non-covalent interactions, these supramolecular polymers exhibit inherent responsiveness to their microenvironment, physiological cues, and biomolecular signals, making them uniquely suited for diverse biomedical applications. In this review, we intend to explore the principles of design, synthesis methodologies, and strategic developments that underlie the creation of supramolecular polymers as carriers for therapeutics, contributing to the treatment and prevention of a spectrum of human diseases. We delve into the principles underlying monomer design, emphasizing the pivotal role of non-covalent interactions, directionality, and reversibility. Moreover, we explore the intricate balance between thermodynamics and kinetics in supramolecular polymerization, illuminating strategies for achieving controlled sizes and distributions. Categorically, we examine their exciting biomedical applications: individual polymers as discrete carriers for therapeutics, delving into their interactions with cells, and in vivo dynamics; and supramolecular polymeric hydrogels as injectable depots, with a focus on their roles in cancer immunotherapy, sustained drug release, and regenerative medicine. As the field continues to burgeon, harnessing the unique attributes of therapeutic supramolecular polymers holds the promise of transformative impacts across the biomedical landscape.

将低分子量结构图案自组装成超分子聚合物，开启了材料的新领域，该材料具有独特的性能，并且在推进医疗实践方面具有巨大的潜力。利用非共价相互作用的可逆和动态性质，这些超分子聚合物对其微环境、生理信号和生物分子信号表现出固有的响应性，使它们特别适合各种生物医学应用。在这篇综述中，我们打算探索超分子聚合物作为治疗载体的设计原理、合成方法和战略发展，为治疗和预防一系列人类疾病做出贡献。我们深入研究单体设计的基本原理，强调非共价相互作用、方向性和可逆性的关键作用。此外，我们探索了超分子聚合中热力学和动力学之间的复杂平衡，阐明了实现受控尺寸和分布的策略。我们明确地研究了它们令人兴奋的生物医学应用：单个聚合物作为治疗的离散载体，深入研究它们与细胞的相互作用以及体内动力学；以及作为可注射储库的超分子聚合水凝胶，重点关注它们在癌症免疫治疗、持续药物释放和再生医学中的作用。随着该领域不断蓬勃发展，利用治疗性超分子聚合物的独特属性有望对整个生物医学领域产生变革性影响。