A science-based approach to understanding health and disease emerged gradually over the past two centuries, while the modern evidence-based approach to health care emerged only about a half-century ago. The evidence-based approach to practice in health service psychology (HSP) gained significant traction after the American Psychological Association (APA) adopted it as policy in 2005, and in 2021, APA approved the first comprehensive set of guidelines for practicing HSP in an evidence-based manner. Several authors of this 2021 set of guidelines along with an additional subject matter expert wrote the current article. This article outlines the development of evidence-based practice in psychology, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each of the three components of evidence-based practice (i.e., best available research, clinical expertise, and patient characteristics, culture, and preferences), and highlights the complexity involved in integrating related considerations during clinical decision making. The article then discusses strategies for the systematic application of this approach in HSP to improve the effectiveness of behavioral health care and strengthen population health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

心理学循证实践：背景、指南和行动。

在过去的两个世纪中，基于科学的理解健康和疾病的方法逐渐出现，而现代基于证据的医疗保健方法仅在大约半个世纪前出现。健康服务心理学 (HSP) 的循证实践方法在美国心理协会 (APA) 于 2005 年将其作为政策后获得了极大的关注，并于 2021 年批准了第一套以证据为基础的 HSP 实践综合指南。为基础的方式。这套 2021 年指南的几位作者以及另一位主题专家撰写了本文。本文概述了心理学循证实践的发展，讨论了循证实践三个组成部分（即最佳可用研究、临床专业知识和患者特征、文化和偏好）各自的优点和缺点，以及强调了在临床决策过程中整合相关考虑因素所涉及的复杂性。然后，本文讨论了在 HSP 中系统应用这种方法的策略，以提高行为保健的有效性并加强人口健康。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。